Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 214-229 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 223 inorganic, microbial and physical improvement methods, and conduct multi-factor joint experiments in the field to see if these technologies can produce better synergistic effects. A single method may be effective in some cases, but a comprehensive solution may be more reliable and more effective (Xuan et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2025; Raheem et al., 2025; Xu and Qu, 2025). In order to better compare the research results between different teams, it is also recommended to develop a unified soil monitoring indicator system and establish an open data sharing platform. This will not only facilitate the exchange of results, but also provide a more scientific basis for promotion and policy making. 10 Conclusion and Recommendations This study sorted out and analyzed the application effects of various soil improvement methods in the off-season planting of Leonurus japonicus in recent years. We classified and compared typical cases in multiple regions and found that combined and targeted improvement technologies are the key to improving the efficiency of off-season planting. Different soil problems require different ways to improve. Heavy loam is suitable for deep plowing and drainage; sandy loam can be combined with organic fertilizer and biochar; saline-alkali land can be improved with conditioners and salt drainage measures; acidic soil is recommended to apply lime and neutral microorganisms; and continuous soil is best to use rotation and green manure. These different combinations can reduce the planting difficulties caused by soil to a certain extent and help increase the yield and medicinal ingredients of ‘Tongzi’. In order to make it easier for grassroots farmers and extension personnel to operate, we also proposed a "technology application matrix". This matrix proposes specific practices and suggestions according to different stages of planting - before sowing, seedling stage, growth period and harvest period. For example, before sowing, the soil should be loosened to improve fertility; when it is mid-term growth, the foliar spraying of trace elements and biostimulants should be strengthened to help crops accumulate more effective ingredients. Such step-by-step technical suggestions are simple and practical, and are very suitable for training materials or written into the management manual of cooperatives for front-line use. In addition to technical aspects, this study also recommends that the government should increase support for off-season planting of Chinese medicinal materials and soil improvement. Because materials such as soil conditioners, biological agents and organic fertilizers are not cheap, it is recommended to include them in the scope of green agricultural subsidies, especially in ecologically sensitive areas or major Chinese medicinal materials production areas, where more preferential support can be given. At the same time, grassroots agricultural stations should be encouraged to establish soil monitoring systems and use IoT devices to view soil temperature, humidity, pH and nutrient changes in real time, so that the technology can respond faster and more accurately. In terms of funding, special loan methods such as "soil health loans" or "green agricultural technology loans" can be considered to help farmers and cooperatives alleviate the economic pressure in the early stages of improvement. In order to truly implement these technologies, future promotion must be more systematic. We suggest that research results be incorporated into the local agricultural promotion system. Relying on the agricultural platforms at the county and township levels, we can build off-season demonstration fields of Leonurus japonicus in key areas to carry out training, on-site teaching and field guidance. At the same time, we can develop graphic teaching materials and short video courses, and use new media to promote and expand the influence. In addition, we can also work with universities and scientific research institutions to establish a long-term "soil-efficacy" data tracking platform to form a precise connection between varieties, soil and technology. Finally, we must promote the mechanism of "experts + agricultural technicians + farmers" to enable off-season planting of L. japonicus to truly enter a new stage of systematization, intelligence and efficiency. Acknowledgments Thank you to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive and targeted suggestions for improving the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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