Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 214-229 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 221 still under exploration. In recent years, some local Chinese medicine cooperatives have begun to try to grow "copper seeds" in greenhouses in winter and spring, hoping to fill the supply of medicinal materials in the off-season and increase income. 8.2 Methodology: what techniques were applied and when. In order to make the off-season planting more effective, Yancheng City has tried the following improvement measures in 3 experimental fields (a total of 4 mu) since November 2023: Physical improvement: loosen the soil to a depth of 40 cm in late autumn, and lay underground ditches for drainage to reduce water accumulation. Organic matter supplementation: apply 2 tons of decomposed chicken manure and humic acid organic fertilizer per mu of land to enhance soil structure. Microbial inoculation: apply a composite microbial agent containing Bacillus subtilis and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria one week before sowing. Mulching management: double-layer covering of mulch film and small arch shed can increase ground temperature and retain moisture. The planting time is mid-December 2023, and the harvest is at the end of March of the second year. It is about two months earlier than normal spring planting. 8.3 Results: soil metrics, yield, quality, and farmer feedback. After the implementation of these measures, soil and crop performance have changed significantly: Soil improvement: Soil bulk density dropped from 1.42 g/cm³to 1.26 g/cm³; Organic matter increased by 34.8%; Available nitrogen increased by 27.5%, and available phosphorus increased by 19.6%. Yield and efficacy: The yield of fresh grass per mu increased from 1450 kg in the control group to 2150 kg in the experimental group, an increase of 48.3%; Total alkaloid content increased from 1.23% to 1.67%; The pharmacopoeia compliance rate increased from 70% to 100%. Farmer feedback: 85% of farmers said "plants grow well and there are fewer diseases"; 78% said "the soil is no longer compacted, watering is easier, and less pesticides are used". 8.4 Challenges encountered and solutions. Although the overall effect is good, some difficulties were encountered during the experiment: Slow ground temperature rise: The ground temperature at the corners of the greenhouse rose unevenly, and the seedlings grew unevenly. Later, drip irrigation hot water circulation was installed in these areas, and the effect was improved. High cost of microbial agents: The money spent on microbial agents accounted for nearly 20% of the total investment. It is recommended to purchase through cooperatives in the future, or apply for green agricultural subsidies to reduce pressure.
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