Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 199-213 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 2 07 Figure 2 Ottery St Mary hailstorm event, 2008 image Thorne Farm Way. (a) Aerial view of Ottery St Mary and surrounding land showing soil erosion and runoff. (b) Muddy runoff from compacted soil in maize stubble. (c) Soil erosion in a winter cereal crop seedbed with compacted soil following maize. (Adopted from Smith and Boardman, 2025) 9 Synthesis of Findings 9.1 Common trends in different corn planting systems There are some significant common trends in the impact of corn cultivation on soil health worldwide. The changes in soil health are closely related to management measures, whether in high input conventional systems, crop rotation systems, or conservation tillage systems. Research has generally found that reasonable crop rotation, straw returning, and organic fertilizer input can significantly improve soil organic matter, aggregate stability, microbial diversity, and enzyme activity, thereby improving soil structure, enhancing nutrient supply, and strengthening ecological functions (Zhang et al., 2021; Ablimit et al., 2022; Dawar et al., 2022; Li et al., 2023; Sankhyan et al., 2023; Liang et al., 2024; Mukhametov et al., 2024). However, long-term monoculture corn cultivation and high-intensity fertilizer application can easily lead to a decrease in soil organic matter, loss of microbial diversity, soil acidification, and structural degradation, increasing the risk of erosion and nutrient loss (Ruf et al., 2021; Wolińska et al., 2022; Mukhametov et al., 2024).
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