Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 103-113 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 103 Feature Review Open Access The Application and Effect Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Soil Improvement Techniques in the Cultivation of Chrysanthemum×morifolium(Ramat.) Hemsl. Xichen Wang, Chuchu Liu Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, China Corresponding email: chuchu.liu@jicat.org Molecular Soil Biology, 2025, Vol.16, No.3 doi: 10.5376/msb.2025.16.0011 Received: 23 Mar., 2025 Accepted: 26 Apr., 2025 Published: 08 May, 2025 Copyright © 2025 Wang and Liu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wang X.C., and Liu C.C., 2025, The application and effect evaluation of eco-friendly soil improvement techniques in the cultivation of Chrysanthemum× morifolium(Ramat.) Hemsl., Molecular Soil Biology, 16(3): 105-115 (doi: 10.5376/msb.2025.16.0011) Abstract We have sorted out the research in recent years and found that many environmentally friendly methods, such as using organic materials to mix soil, adding biological fertilizers, adding microorganisms, planting with other crops, and scientific fertilization methods, can make chrysanthemum grow better, have higher yields, and have more beautiful flowers. Moreover, these methods can also improve the soil environment, such as making the nutrients in the soil more sufficient and the types of microorganisms more diverse. Some studies used coconut bran, earthworm manure, and leaf mold (mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1) as the substrate, and found that chrysanthemum grew stronger and the flowers were more beautiful. In addition, using biological fertilizers or microbial strains can improve the fertility of the soil and make the beneficial microorganisms in the soil more active. Planting chrysanthemum with corn not only increases the yield of chrysanthemum and the effective ingredients, but also helps increase the number of good microorganisms and improve the ecological environment of the soil. There is an organic liquid fertilizer called Jeevamrit, which, combined with scientific nutrient management, can also make the nutrients in the soil richer and the number of microorganisms more abundant. Some studies have also found that after removing viruses, the roots will grow better and the soil quality will improve. These eco-friendly soil improvement techniques can not only improve the yield and quality of chrysanthemums, but also improve the soil environment. For those who want to grow flowers sustainably, these practices are quite valuable for reference. Keywords Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum×morifolium(Ramat.) Hemsl.); Eco-friendly; Soil improvement; Microbial fertilizer; Intercropping 1 Introduction Chrysanthemum × morifolium is a famous flower with many colors and beautiful flower shapes. It can also be used as medicine. Because of these characteristics, it plays an important role in horticulture and traditional Chinese medicine (Pandey et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2023; Liao et al., 2024). People usually plant it in flower beds, sell it as cut flowers and potted plants, and use it as a Chinese medicine. Therefore, its economic and cultural value is very high (Pandey et al., 2018; Liao et al., 2024). If you want to grow more and better chrysanthemum, the soil must be healthy. Good soil can provide plants with enough nutrients, make the roots grow better, and make various beneficial microorganisms more active. In this way, the plants will be more resistant to diseases and easier to increase yields (Prasanna et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2022; Liao et al., 2024; Lohia et al., 2024). But now many people have been using chemical fertilizers or traditional soil improvement materials. If this continues, the soil structure will deteriorate, microorganisms will become fewer and fewer, and even cause pollution (Prasanna et al., 2016; Pandey et al., 2018; Kumar et al., 2022). Many traditional methods, such as using a large amount of peat or chemical fertilizers, can increase yields in a short period of time, but peat is a non-renewable resource, and using too much will damage the environment (Liu et al., 2023). If too much fertilizer is used or the method is wrong, it will easily cause an imbalance of nutrients in the soil, disrupt the microbial system, and even aggravate water pollution. Now that people are paying more and more attention to environmental protection and sustainability, it is particularly important to use some greener and more ecological methods to improve the soil. This is also particularly suitable for growing chrysanthemums.
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