Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 103-113 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 112 beneficial microorganisms in the soil can be increased, and the yield and quality of crops can be enhanced. Combined with precision irrigation and scientific fertilization, it can not only improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization, but also reduce the risk of environmental pollution. It is recommended that growers combine these methods in practice and use them flexibly according to local conditions. For example, organic substrates, bacterial agents, intercropping and intelligent irrigation can cooperate with each other. It is also necessary to pay attention to continuous observation of soil changes and reasonable arrangement of inputs to grow chrysanthemums well and steadily, and achieve the goal of efficient and environmentally friendly cultivation. Acknowledgments We sincerely thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable opinions and suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ali M., and Mjeed A., 2017, Biochar and nitrogen fertilizers effects on growth and flowering of garland Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Coronarium L.) Plant., Science, 2: 8-14. https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2017.1.2 Ardebili Z., and Sharifi P., 2018, Growth and physiology of Chrysanthemum morifolium Modified by the supplementations of various fertilizers, Journal of Ornamental plants, 8: 49-56. Chen H., Zhao S., Zhao J., Zhang K., Jiang J., Guan Z., Chen S., Chen F., and Fang W., 2020, Deep tillage combined with biofertilizer following soil fumigation improved chrysanthemum growth by regulating the soil microbiome, MicrobiologyOpen, 9(7): e1045. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1045 Choudhary A., Kumar A., Kumar U., Choudhary R., Kumar R., Jat R., Nidhibahen P., Hatamleh A., Al-Dosary M., Alwasel Y., Rajagopal R., and Ravindran B., 2022, Various fertilization managements influence the flowering attributes, yield response, biochemical activity and soilnutrient status of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifoliumRamat.), Sustainability, 14(8): 4561. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084561 Fang X., Yang Y., Zhao Z., Zhou Y., Liao Y., Guan Z., Chen S., Fang W., Chen F., and Zhao S., 2023, Optimum nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium fertilizer application increased Chrysanthemum growth and quality by reinforcing the soil microbial community and nutrient cycling function, Plants, 12(23): 4062. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234062 Feng Y., Hu X., Guan Y., Chu Z., Du X., Xie Y., Yang S., Ye S., Zhang L., Ma J., and Chen H., 2024, Regulatory effects of different biochar on soil properties and microbial community structure in Chrysanthemum continuous cropping soil, Agronomy, 14(9): 2034. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092034 Gurjar D., Rosin K., Shekhawat K., and Jain R., 2023, Impact of sensor-based wastewater irrigation on chemical soil health in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 93(6): 680-682. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i6.135175 Khan S., Venkatesha M., Venkateshamurthy P., and Raghupathi D., 2020, Effect of vermicompost in combination with microbial consortium on growth of Chrysanthemum, (Dendranthema grandiflora L.) cv. marigold, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 9(9): 3436-3442. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.426 Kumar D., Darji A., and Kumari K., 2022, Enhanced flower yield and reduction in fertilizer application in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifoliumRamat.) through inoculation of biofertilizers under field condition, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 11(1): 146-150. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1101.017 Li J., Cheng X., Chu G., Hu B., and Tao R., 2023, Continuous cropping of cut chrysanthemum reduces rhizospheric soil bacterial community diversity and co-occurrence network complexity, Applied Soil Ecology, 185: 104801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104801 Liao Z., Chen Q., Li J., Wei L., Wu J., Wang X., Liu Q., Miao Y., and Liu D., 2024, Influence of Chrysanthemum morifolium-maize intercropping pattern on yield, quality, soil condition, and rhizosphere soil microbial communities of C. morifolium, Frontiers in Plant Science, 15: 1383477. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1383477 Liu S., Liu M., Chen S., Ni X., Zhang K., Yue L., and Zhou Y., 2023, Rice husks and leaf mold used as peat substitutes to improve the morphological, photosynthetic, and biochemical properties of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ×morifolium). Sustainability, 15(23): 16137. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316137 Lohia S., Dilta B., Kumari N., and Ma V., 2024, Eco-friendly cultivation of annual Chrysanthemum for enhancing seed quality and soil properties, Journal of Advances in Biology and Biotechnology, 27(12): 653-662. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i121813
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