Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 103-113 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 111 these inoculants on the soil microbial structure are also quite complex, so when used in the field, the effects are sometimes not very stable. 9.2 Lack of standardization in compost and biochar quality Organic materials such as rice husks, leaf humus, compost, and biochar have a good improvement effect on chrysanthemum and soil (Ardebili and Sharifi, 2018; Pandey et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2023). However, there are great differences in where these materials come from, how they are made, and how they are used, so the effects are also uneven (Liu et al., 2023). Different proportions of rice husks and leaf humus have different effects on chrysanthemum, and too high a proportion may inhibit its growth. There is currently no unified standard or a clear evaluation method, which makes it difficult to promote these materials (Pandey et al., 2018). 9.3 Long-term field studies are limited Most of the current research is short-term or done in a greenhouse. It is not clear whether these methods will continue to be effective after being used in the field for a long time (Chen et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2022; Lohia et al., 2024). Whether microbial agents and organic fertilizers will continue to have a positive impact on the soil microbial system, nutrient changes, crop yields, etc., requires more systematic follow-up research (Prasanna et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020; Liao et al., 2024). There is currently a lack of long-term data support on whether these ecological methods will cause heavy metal accumulation and environmental safety issues (Gurjar et al., 2023). 9.4 Adoption barriers: awareness, cost, labor Although eco-friendly soil improvement methods have a good effect in increasing chrysanthemum yield and improving soil health (Kumar et al., 2022; Lohia et al., 2024), there are still many difficulties in promoting them. Some farmers do not understand these new technologies, some think that the initial investment is too high, some worry that the operation is too complicated, and some places lack manpower and find it difficult to persist in the long term (Kumar et al., 2022). In particular, the use of microbial agents and organic alternative substrates requires some professional knowledge and continuous management, which is not only costly to learn but also labor-intensive for farmers. 10 Future Directions and Conclusion Research has found that although using one ecological method alone is helpful, using several methods together is more effective. For example, using deep plowing, bio-organic fertilizers, microbial agents and organic materials (such as rice husks and leaf mold) together can not only improve soil structure, but also increase the number of microorganisms, allowing chrysanthemums to grow better. In the future, we should study how to combine these methods to see if they can cooperate and complement each other, and strive to use a more complete set of methods to help achieve efficient and sustainable planting goals. Now, some precision agricultural tools have also begun to be used in ecological planting, such as sensors that can be used to adjust sewage irrigation. Such tools can increase the organic matter and nutrients in the soil while avoiding the problem of excessive heavy metals. In the future, we can further promote methods such as soil sensors, remote sensing technology and big data analysis to monitor soil conditions, microbial changes and nutrient conditions in real time, making ecological management more scientific and accurate. If we want to make ecological improvement technology more widely accepted by farmers, we still need policy help. We can encourage the use of green materials such as organic fertilizers, biofertilizers and microbial agents by introducing incentive policies. At the same time, technical training should be carried out and demonstration bases should be built to let farmers understand these new methods and be willing to try them. Universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises should also cooperate to develop more new technologies and truly use them in the fields. Replacing traditional substrates with organic materials such as rice husks and leaf humus, combined with biofertilizers, can effectively improve the growth performance of chrysanthemums and improve soil quality. If microbial inoculation is added, or intercropping methods such as chrysanthemums and corn are adopted, the
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