Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 103-113 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 109 aphids (Zhong et al., 2022). This provides a new idea for ecological pest management. Current molecular breeding and omics research are also slowly helping to improve the stress resistance of chrysanthemums, such as drought resistance and disease resistance (Su et al., 2019). 6.4 Quality characteristics (color, scent, phytochemical profile) Ecological planting not only increases yields, but also makes chrysanthemum flowers more beautiful, more fragrant, and richer in ingredients. For example, drip irrigation can increase the content of carotene and chlorophyll in flowers and improve biochemical activity (Choudhary et al., 2022). Organic cultivation can also improve the color and aroma of the flowers, while providing more active ingredients, which meets people's expectations for high-quality chrysanthemum (Choudhary et al., 2022; Lohia et al., 2024). In addition, molecular breeding and omics methods also provide theoretical support for improving these quality characteristics (Su et al., 2019). 7 Comparative Analysis of Techniques 7.1 Synergistic vs. standalone effects Many studies have found that the combination of several ecological methods is more effective than using one alone. For example, when deep plowing, bio-organic fertilizer and soil fumigation are used together (DB+40dp), chrysanthemum grows better, and the enzyme activity and number of good bacteria in the soil are also increased more (Chen et al., 2020). The application of nano zinc and earthworm manure together can make the plants grow faster and increase the pigments related to photosynthesis, which is more effective than using them alone (Ardebili and Sharifi, 2018). Microbial agents combined with organic management can also significantly increase the types and number of microorganisms in the soil, and the nutrient supply is more sufficient (Prasanna et al., 2016). On the contrary, if only one method is used, such as replacing peat with a high proportion of rice husk (up to 80%), or only one fertilizer is used, it may be counterproductive and sometimes inhibit plant growth (Ardebili and Sharifi, 2018; Liu et al., 2023). 7.2 Site- and soil-specific effectiveness Different methods have different effects on different plots and soil types. For example, when using rice husks and leaf humus to replace peat, the ratio should be controlled at 20% to 30%. If the ratio is too high, the conductivity and potassium will be too high, which will affect plant growth (Liu et al., 2023). In continuous cropping soil or greenhouse, the use of microbial agents and biological organic fertilizers can more significantly improve the structure and enzyme activity of soil microorganisms (Prasanna et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020). The intercropping pattern of chrysanthemum and corn is also very effective in soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microbial diversity, and is particularly suitable for fields with severe continuous cropping obstacles (Liao et al., 2024). In plots with low soil organic matter and few trace elements, irrigation with wastewater can increase nutrition, but attention should also be paid to the accumulation of heavy metals (Gurjar et al., 2023). 7.3 Economic considerations (cost-benefit analysis) From an economic perspective, some combinations can save money and increase yields. For example, using reduced fertilizer (80% of the recommended amount) and NPK biofertilizer together not only produces higher yields than full fertilizer, but also increases net income, with an input-output ratio of 2.68, and saves a lot of fertilizer costs (Kumar et al., 2022). Although the use of organic materials (such as rice husks and leaf mold) and microbial agents may require more investment at the beginning, in the long run, it can make the soil healthier, improve crop quality, and provide higher returns (Kumar et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2023). Ecological practices such as intercropping and microbial agents can also reduce diseases, reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and indirectly save a lot of money (Prasanna et al., 2016; Liao et al., 2024). 7.4 Environmental footprint comparison Eco-friendly improvement technologies have less impact on the environment. For example, using renewable materials such as rice husks and leaf humus to replace peat can help protect natural resources and not damage peatlands (Liu et al., 2023). Using biofertilizers, microbial agents, and organic farming methods can also increase soil carbon storage, increase microorganisms, improve nutrient cycling, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==