Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 55-62 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 60 Research has shown that regardless of the variety or management method, the most suitable daily water consumption to achieve qualified flower stem yield is 0.96 to 1.07 centimeters. Gurjar et al. (2023) attempted to use sensor controlled wastewater irrigation systems in their research. This method can improve soil nutrients and structure, indirectly enhancing water use efficiency. 7.2 Coordination of irrigation levels and water utilization Properly controlling the irrigation amount can achieve both no water waste and guaranteed yield. For example, some people use organic fertilizer combined with some chemical fertilizers to grow Hangzhou white chrysanthemums, and the effect is very good. Research has found that reducing the use of chemical fertilizers by 28% and replacing them with organic fertilizers not only results in more flowers growing, but also enhances the nutrients and antioxidant capacity inside, indicating that both water and fertilizers are used more effectively (Xu et al., 2021). Another method is to choose a suitable planting substrate, such as zeolite rock. In areas with high salt content and water scarcity, using this substrate combined with regulated irrigation can keep plants healthy without affecting yield (Wahome and Shongwe, 2014; Amarin et al., 2021). 7.3 Water use efficiency and economic benefits A reasonable irrigation plan can also help farmers save costs and increase income. For example, the "water fertilizer integration" technology combines irrigation and fertilization. This method not only allows Hangbai Chrysanthemum to grow better, but also increases its yield. Vimal et al. (2022) confirmed through research that using 100 kilograms of fertilizer per hectare, combined with appropriate planting density, is an ideal practice for producing high-quality cut flowers and can also bring good economic benefits (Vimal et al.. 2022). Using organic liquid fertilizers like Jeevamrut and Panchagavya can not only make plants grow more vigorously, but also save fertilizer costs and increase income (Pansuriya and Kumari, 2024). 8 Challenges and Future Directions 8.1 Challenges of climate change on irrigation strategies Climate change has brought many troubles to the irrigation management of Hangzhou white chrysanthemums, especially extreme weather conditions such as drought and high temperatures that can affect their normal growth and make their water needs more complex. Rising temperatures and decreasing water often lead to an increase in soil salinity. This salinization can cause plants to become shorter, resulting in a decrease in the yield of fresh and dried flowers, and the quality of flowers may also deteriorate. Studies have shown that excessive salt content can affect the flowering and growth performance of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Amarin et al., 2021). Different planting methods and varieties can also lead to significant differences in water usage across different regions, and seasonal water changes make irrigation plans difficult to arrange. This has become a more challenging issue in the face of increasingly evident climate change. 8.2 Integration of technology and precision management Irrigation nowadays no longer relies solely on manual experience. Integrating modern technologies such as smart sensors and big data can make irrigation more precise and water-saving (Wang et al., 2024). Sensor controlled wastewater irrigation systems have been proven to be useful. It can improve the nutritional status of the soil without exceeding the limit of heavy metals. This indicates that this method has the potential for sustainable development (Gurjar et al., 2023). These technologies can also help us monitor the status of soil and plants in real time, adjust irrigation plans in a timely manner, and provide water as needed. This not only allows Hangbai Chrysanthemum to grow better, but also improves the quality and quantity of flowers. 8.3 Regional adaptability studies The soil and climate vary in different regions, so irrigation plans need to be designed according to specific circumstances in order to ensure good cultivation of Hangzhou white chrysanthemums. Amarin et al. (2021) found through their research that selecting appropriate planting substrates (such as zeolite rock) can help plants better cope with salinization issues, indicating that substrate selection is also important in irrigation management. Organic liquid fertilizers like Jeevamrut and Panchagavya have shown good application effects in different regions, not only improving soil quality but also increasing yield. This indicates that these organic inputs can be
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