Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 73-82 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 79 greenhouse temperature at 20 ℃~25 ℃ and reducing the relative humidity below 60%. In the season with short illumination time, supplementary illumination can promote plant growth and maintain the resistance characteristics of germplasm (Liang et al., 2018). A study on the control of greenhouse environment showed that the incidence of leaf spot disease of resistant germplasm planted under the optimal humidity and temperature conditions was 50% lower than that under the untreated environment. This is due to the reduction of pathogenic spore formation and the improvement of plant vitality, highlighting the importance of precise environmental control in disease management (Sun et al., 2022). 6.4 Intelligent monitoring and management Dynamic disease monitoring and early warning technology are very important for active disease management in off-season cultivation. Sensors for real-time monitoring of temperature, humidity and soil moisture provide operable data for timely adjustment of cultivation measures. The early warning system based on machine learning algorithm can predict disease outbreaks according to environmental data and pathogen dynamics, so as to take preventive measures and minimize crop losses (Gu et al., 2010). Integrating big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technology into disease control is an important direction of future research. The AI driven model can analyze large data sets from sensors, UAVs and weather forecasts to optimize irrigation, fertilization and pest control strategies (Maraveas, 2022; Behzadipour et al., 2024). For example, AI image recognition technology can recognize the early symptoms of powdery mildew, gray mold and other diseases, so as to achieve precise and targeted intervention. These innovations can significantly improve the efficiency and sustainability of the off-season cultivation system (Liang et al., 2018). 7 Promotion and Value of Disease-Resistant Germplasm 7.1 Breeding and promotion strategies Breeding and promoting disease-resistant germplasm of Leonurus japonicus var. hunanensis is essential for sustainable production and meeting market demand. Breeding programs should focus on developing high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties that adapt to different regions. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can be used to speed up the development of these lines. Demonstration fields should be established to test germplasm under local climate and soil conditions. These sites also serve as platforms for farmer training and technology extension (Sun et al., 2022). To improve accessibility and usage, a germplasm database should be developed. It should include performance data, resistance traits, and regional adaptability. This would support breeders, researchers, and growers in selecting appropriate lines. Digital platforms and big data tools can help update and expand the database, encouraging collaboration and broader use of resistant germplasm (Gu et al., 2010). 7.2 Economic and ecological benefits The use of disease resistant germplasm has brought significant economic and ecological benefits. By reducing the dependence on chemical pesticides, disease resistant germplasm reduced the cultivation cost and reduced the risk of pesticide residues in medicinal products. Planting disease resistant varieties of Leonurus japonicus farms can reduce the use of pesticides by up to 40%, thereby achieving significant cost savings and improving profit margins. This reduction also alleviates the impact of Off-season Cultivation on the environment and promotes the development of sustainable agricultural practices (Liang et al., 2018). Green production practice has been further enhanced through the use of disease resistant germplasm. For example, combining these germplasm resources with precise water and fertilizer management and biological control strategies can build a low input, eco-friendly cultivation system. This method not only improves soil health and biodiversity, but also promotes long-term ecological balance by reducing the accumulation of harmful agricultural chemicals in the environment (Moparthi et al., 2017). 7.3 Enhancing industry competitiveness The application of good germplasm has played an important role in improving the competitiveness of Leonurus
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