Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 45-54 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 51 but they often give different or even conflicting results (Liu et al., 2022; Ning et al., 2022). On top of that, researchers use different soils, plant types, and growing conditions, which also change the outcomes. Another problem is that there is no unified standard to evaluate the interaction effect of microorganisms and Anoectochilus roxburghii, such as how they affect plant health, yield and disease resistance. It is difficult to compare the results of different studies, and it is not easy to summarize a clear conclusion. Some studies focus more on the role of specific disease resistant strains (Dong et al., 2018), while others emphasize the functional changes of the overall microbial community (Wang et al., 2022). This divergence of research perspectives also hinders the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of rhizosphere microorganisms. 7.3 Hard to apply microbes in real-world growing conditions There are also many problems in the use of microbial agents under different field conditions. A major problem is how to ensure that these bacteria can survive and play a role in a variety of soil and climate conditions. Environmental pressures such as soil pH, nutrient content, drought or high temperature can affect microbial activity, and even lead to inoculation failure (Liu et al., 2022; Ning et al., 2022). Although biochar is a good material for soil improvement, its effect is also unstable. Under the field conditions of different types of biochar and different regions, the effect may be very different (Liu et al., 2022a; Liu et al., 2022b). To really make microbial inoculants work in large-scale farming, we’d need better ways to manage what microbes go into the system. This means using high-precision tools, like microbial community regulation systems. But these tools are expensive and hard to apply widely right now (Wang et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2024). So while the lab results look promising, actually using these techniques in big plantations still faces a lot of technical hurdles. 8 Future Research Directions 8.1 Exploring the genetic and molecular basis of the relationship between anoectochilus and rhizosphere microbes To further improve the cultivation efficiency of Anoectochilus roxburghii, it is necessary to understand how it interacts with rhizosphere microorganisms. Current studies have shown that this relationship is complex and may involve multiple genetic pathways and different levels of regulatory mechanisms (Huang et al., 2024a). There are many kinds of microorganisms around the root of Anoectochilus roxburghii, such as various bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms may affect the growth of plants through some specific genetic pathways (Xiao et al., 2015). In-depth study of these microorganisms, using methods such as genomic analysis, may reveal key genes or signaling molecules that may be the "switches" that promote nutrient absorption or disease resistance in Anoectochilus. Metagenomic techniques have also identified microorganisms, such as actinomycetes, that produce natural antimicrobial substances that help suppress harmful fungi in the soil (Huang et al., 2024b). Understanding the genetic basis of these mechanisms will facilitate the design of more precise microbial agents for efficient Anoectochilus cultivation in the future. 8.2 Improving the relationship betweenA. roxburghii and microbes using genomics and synthetic biology Genomics and synthetic biology provide many new ideas for improving the coordination between Anoectochilus roxburghii and its rhizosphere microorganisms. Studies have found that some specific microbial communities can affect the growth status and disease resistance of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Fang et al., 2021; Huang et al., 2024b). If these microorganisms can be genetically modified by synthetic biology, it may enhance their ability to help plants absorb nutrients and inhibit bacteria. This technology can also "Customize" the microbial community and match the strains specifically for the actual needs of Anoectochilus roxburghii. For example, by regulating the flora, beneficial bacteria can take advantage and reduce the number of harmful bacteria, so as to improve the yield and quality (Liu et al., 2022; sun et al., 2022). At the same time, microorganisms can also be allowed to produce some metabolites that are good for plants, such as stress resistant molecules or hormones, making Anoectochilus roxburghii more resistant to drought,
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