Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 45-54 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 48 Hormones like auxin stimulate root elongation, making it easier for plants to absorb nutrients from the soil. Cytokinins tend to make plant cells proliferate rapidly, which is very helpful for the development of stems and leaves. Figure 1 The benefits of PGPR-mediated rhizosphere engineering to the plant growth (Adopted from Hakim et al., 2021) When some actinomycetes and other rhizosphere microorganisms are cultured together, they can also produce more plant hormones and some antibiotics. These substances can not only promote the growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii, but also enhance its resistance (Pausch et al., 2024). These studies showed that the reasonable introduction of these microorganisms into the cultivation system could create a more favorable environment for the growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii. 4.3 Microbial disease prevention: inhibiting pathogens and enhancing resistance In addition to helping absorb nutrients and promote growth, some rhizosphere microorganisms can also play the role of "disease prevention". They can inhibit pathogenic microorganisms harmful to Anoectochilus roxburghii, especially Fusarium, which is easy to cause root rot. PGPR bacteria can produce some natural antibacterial substances, such as antibiotics, volatile organic compounds and iron carriers, to prevent the spread of bacteria in the soil (Dong et al., 2018; Kong and Liu, 2022). Bacillus subtilis is one of the good control bacteria, which has obvious effect on inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum(Dong et al., 2018). The use of biological fertilizers containing AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) can also reduce the number of harmful fungi in the soil and improve the rhizosphere microecology. This method can not only improve the disease resistance of Anoectochilus roxburghii, but also make the whole plant grow stronger and yield higher (Ning et al., 2020). 5 Application of Microbial Plant Interaction in Tissue Culture of Anoectochilus roxburghii 5.1 Difficulties in the application of rhizosphere microorganisms in Anoectochilus roxburghii tissue culture seedlings To use rhizosphere microorganisms in Anoectochilus roxburghii tissue culture seedlings, the first problem is the composition of culture medium. The culture medium should not only meet the needs of plant growth, but also be suitable for the survival of microorganisms. But it is difficult to balance these two goals at the same time. Sometimes too many nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, will change the composition of rhizosphere microorganisms, and the species and quantity of fungi may also change (Sun et al., 2022). The culture medium must also be clean and pollution-free. If pathogenic bacteria are mixed in, it will not only disrupt the original microbial balance, but also allow harmful bacteria to prevail and have adverse effects on Anoectochilus roxburghii (Zhang et al., 2023).
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