Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 37-44 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 43 In addition, we can continue to optimize hydroponic and gas culture technologies, strive to reduce costs, and enable more farmers to afford and use these technologies, thereby promoting the modernization and industrialization of the cultivation of Leonurus japonicus. 8 Conclusion The effective components of Leonurus japonicus are affected by a variety of environmental conditions, including soil types, nutrient levels, temperature, light intensity and water management. Appropriate soil pH and adequate nutrition can promote the synthesis of salvianine and other alkaloids. If the light is too strong or the water is insufficient, the plants will be stressed and the accumulation of flavonoids and phenolic acids will be affected. In order to improve its medicinal effect, it is necessary to control the environmental conditions in the process of planting. Controlled systems such as greenhouse and hydroponics can adjust factors such as light, water and nutrition. These systems can reduce the adverse effects of changes in the natural environment, improve the yield and efficacy, and meet the needs of traditional Chinese medicine and modern drug development. Future research recommends the introduction of more advanced technologies, such as precision agriculture, IoT monitoring devices, and gene expression analysis, to more precisely control the growing environment of Leonurus japonicus. Low-cost, scalable, and small-scale hydroponic equipment should be developed for use by small-scale growers. Further research into how different environmental factors influence the synthesis of active ingredients will facilitate the breeding of new varieties with greater stress resistance and enhanced efficacy. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Ms.Cherry Xuan continuous support throughout the development of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Cha B., 2021, Study on the change of antioxidant activity by enzymatic hydrolysis in Sophora japonica linne, Houttuynia cordata thunberg, Leonurus japonicus houttuyn, Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research, 21(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.15429/jkomor.2021.21.1.1 Cheng F., Zhou Y., Wang M., Guo C., Cao Z., Zhang R., and Peng C., 2020, A review of pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of stachydrine, Pharmacological Research, 155: 104755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104755 Du B., Zhang X., Shi N., Peng T., Gao J., Azimova B., Zhang R., Pu D., Wang C., Abduvaliev A., Rakhmanov A., Zhang G., Xiao W., and Wang F., 2020, Luteolin-7-methylether fromLeonurus japonicus inhibits estrogen biosynthesis in human ovarian granulosa cells by suppression of aromatase (CYP19), European Journal of Pharmacology, 879: 173154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173154 Feng X.Z., 2024, Genetic and environmental factors influencing grain quality in maize, Maize Genomics and Genetics, 15(2): 93-101. He Y., Shi J., Peng C., Hu L., Liu J., Zhou Q., Guo L., and Xiong L., 2018, Angiogenic effect of motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) alkaloids and toxicity of motherwort essential oil on zebrafish embryos, Fitoterapia, 128: 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.002 Jian-Zhong, X., 2006, Study on cultivation technique of GAP of Leonurus japonicus. Jiao C., Wei M., Fan H., Song C., Wang Z., Cai Y., and Jin Q., 2022, Transcriptomic analysis of genes related to alkaloid biosynthesis and the regulation mechanism under precursor and methyl jasmonate treatment in Dendrobium officinale, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 941231. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.941231 Kuchta K., Volk R., and Rauwald H., 2013, Stachydrine in Leonurus cardiaca, Leonurus japonicus, Leonotis leonurus: detection and quantification by instrumental HPTLC and 1H-qNMR analyses, Die Pharmazie, 68(7): 534-540. Li J., Li Y., Dang M., Li S., Chen S., Liu R., Zhang Z., Li G., Zhang M., Yang D., Yang M., Liu Y., Tian D., and Deng X., 2022, Jasmonate-responsive transcription factors NnWRKY70a and NnWRKY70b positively regulate benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 862915. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.862915 Li C., Ma Y., Liu Y., Li H., Gu J., and Peng G., 2017, Optimize concentrate process of alkaloid from Leonurus japonicus by ultrafultration-nanofiltration coupling technology, Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 42(1): 100-106. https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20161222.057
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