Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 16-26 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 21 SynComs themselves are critical factors, as they must maintain their functional traits and beneficial interactions with plants under varying environmental conditions (Zhang et al., 2021). Advanced techniques such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and metagenomics are employed to monitor changes in microbial community structure and function, providing insights into the effectiveness and sustainability of the SynComs (Shayanthan et al., 2022). Overall, a multi-faceted approach combining plant, soil, and microbial metrics is essential for a thorough evaluation of SynCom performance in the field. 6 Case Studies 6.1 Detailed analysis of specific field trials and their outcomes In recent years, several field trials have been conducted to explore the potential of synthetic microbial communities in the bioremediation of saline-alkali soils. These trials have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms and effectiveness of various strategies. Northern China Oat Cultivar Study: A field trial in Northern China investigated the impact of organic soil amendments on oat productivity in saline-alkaline soils. The study involved two oat cultivars with different levels of saline-alkaline tolerance and four amendment treatments: control, bio-fertilizer, rotten straw, and a combination of bio-fertilizer and rotten straw. The combined amendment treatment resulted in the highest oat yields, reduced soil pH, and increased soil salt content for both cultivars. The tolerant cultivar, Baiyan2, exhibited higher bacterial α-diversity and a different microbial community composition compared to the sensitive cultivar, Caoyou1 (Figure 1) (Lu et al., 2020). Figure 1 Principal component analysis (PCA) of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community associated with the two oat cultivars and organic soil amendment treatments (Adopted from Lu et al., 2020) Inner Mongolia Microbial Assemblages Study: This study evaluated microbial assemblages in various saline-alkaline soils from different regions of Inner Mongolia. The research identified key driving factors influencing microbiomes and revealed that soluble salt ion components, rather than salinity, were the major determinants of microbial assemblages. The study highlighted the higher tolerance, stability, and resilience of fungal communities compared to bacterial communities under saline-alkaline stress (Zhang et al., 2021).
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