Molecular Soil Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 236-246 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 241 The incorporation of rapeseed straw into agricultural practices contributes to sustainability by enhancing soil fertility, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers, and promoting nutrient recycling. The use of organic materials, including rapeseed straw, has been shown to improve soil nutrient content and support sustainable crop production practices (Wei et al., 2022). Additionally, the recycling of bioenergy by-products, such as biochar from rapeseed straw, can further enhance soil fertility and crop growth, contributing to more sustainable agricultural systems (Kataki et al., 2018). 5 Methods to Enhance the Efficiency of Rapeseed Straw Utilization 5.1 Optimal treatment and application methods Pre-treatment techniques such as incorporating decomposition agents can significantly enhance the breakdown of rapeseed straw, leading to improved soil fertility and crop productivity. For instance, the application of decomposition agents has been shown to increase the diversity of fungal communities and improve soil quality, which in turn boosts cotton yield parameters (Wang et al., 2022). Additionally, annual straw incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer application in rice seasons has been found to significantly increase dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake in subsequent rapeseed crops (Song et al., 2023). Effective application strategies include combining straw return with appropriate fertilization regimes. For example, phosphorus application during the rapeseed season combined with straw return has been shown to improve crop productivity and soil bacterial diversity in rape-rice rotation systems (Zhang et al., 2023). Similarly, straw mulching with nitrogen fertilizer has been found to enhance soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and crop yield (Akhtar et al., 2019). These strategies not only improve soil fertility but also optimize nutrient use efficiency, leading to better crop performance. 5.2 Technologies for improving effective utilization The production and application of biochar from rapeseed straw can significantly improve soil fertility and crop growth. Studies have shown that the co-application of biochar and nitrogen can enhance soil organic carbon, total nitrogen accumulation, and photosynthesis in rapeseed plants (Khan et al., 2020). This integrated approach not only compensates for nitrogen input but also increases nitrogen utilization efficiency, making it a sustainable practice for crop production. Innovative composting and fermentation techniques can further enhance the utilization of rapeseed straw. For instance, the incorporation of straw with nitrogen fertilization has been found to inhibit nitrogen leaching, thereby increasing yield and efficiency in maize seasons (Meng et al., 2021). Additionally, the use of rapeseed residue in paddy fields has been shown to increase soil organic matter, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, while also mitigating cadmium pollution risks (Yang et al., 2020). These methods not only improve soil health but also contribute to environmental sustainability. 5.3 Sustainable approaches for proper utilization of rapeseed straw Integrating rapeseed straw utilization into crop rotation systems can lead to sustainable agricultural practices. For example, the use of straw return in rape-rice rotation systems has been shown to increase crop productivity and soil bacterial diversity (Zhang et al., 2023). Similarly, the incorporation of straw in rice-rapeseed rotation systems has been found to significantly improve dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake in rapeseed crops (Song et al., 2023). These practices ensure the efficient use of resources and maintain soil fertility over the long term. Eco-friendly practices such as straw mulching and reduced nitrogen fertilization can help reduce the environmental impact of rapeseed straw utilization. For instance, straw mulching combined with slow-release fertilizers has been shown to improve water use efficiency and reduce nutrient loss in rapeseed crops (Feng et al., 2020). Additionally, optimizing straw input and management practices can help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable agricultural production (Li et al., 2023). These practices not only enhance crop productivity but also contribute to climate change mitigation.
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