Molecular Soil Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 236-246 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 239 The incorporation of rapeseed straw also positively impacts soil biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizers, including rapeseed straw, has been found to improve soil microbial community richness and diversity. Siebers et al. (2018) found that returning rapeseed straw to the field increased the relative abundance of certain beneficial bacteria and fungi in the soil, which positively impact plant growth (Figure 2). This enhancement of microbial diversity contributes to building a more stable and resilient soil ecosystem, which is crucial for achieving sustainable agricultural practices. Figure 2 Changes in the community composition of Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. Basidiomycota (Basi) and Zygomycota (Zyg) OTU abundances derived from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing in A. control soil samples and B. during RS-EX exposure (7, 14, 21, 28 d). Filled circle sizes indicate average OTU abundances. Highly abundant taxa are depicted by circle sections, and abundances given in %. Open circles indicate higher-order taxa (circle sizes not in scale). Extinction of OTUs is depicted by crosses. Trich, Trichosporon;Mor, Mortierella(Adopted from Siebers et al., 2018) Image caption: The figure shows changes in the community composition of Basidiomycota and Zygomycota fungal phyla in soil following treatment with rapeseed straw extract (RS-EX). The results indicate that RS-EX treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of Mortierella, a major member of Zygomycota, from 47.1% at the start of treatment to nearly extinction. Meanwhile, Trichosporon, within Basidiomycota, proliferated rapidly after treatment, occupying approximately 95% of the fungal community. This shift reveals the strong selective effect of RS-EX on fungal communities, indicating that RS-EX treatment leads to the disappearance of susceptible fungi like Mortierella while promoting the dominance of more resistant fungi such as Trichosporon in the soil (Adapted from Siebers et al., 2018)
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