Molecular Soil Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 151-162 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 152 stress on rice plants, analyze the impact of different irrigation schemes and phosphorus application levels on root architecture and microbial community dynamics, and investigate the interactions between plant roots and microbial communities under water stress conditions, focusing on how these interactions can be leveraged to improve drought tolerance and nutrient uptake. By addressing these objectives, we hope to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying root and rhizosphere microbial function optimization in dryland farming systems, ultimately contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable agricultural practices. 2 Overview of Hybrid Rice 2.1 Characteristics and advantages Hybrid rice , intra- and inter-subspecies of Oryza sativa, is known for its superior yield and adaptability to various environmental conditions. This rice variety combines the desirable traits of traditional rice with the hybrid vigor seen in other rice subspecies, resulting in enhanced growth and productivity. The hybridization process has led to improved root systems and increased resistance to environmental stresses, which are crucial for optimizing dryland farming models (Xu et al., 2020). Additionally, hybrid rice exhibits a robust rhizosphere microbial community that plays a significant role in nutrient cycling and plant health, further contributing to its advantages over other rice varieties (Ding et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2022). 2.2 Current cultivation practices Current cultivation practices for rice involve a combination of traditional and modern agricultural techniques. These practices include the use of chemical fertilizers, organic supplements like seaweed extract, and optimized irrigation schemes to enhance soil nutrient levels and microbial diversity (Zhang et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2022). The application of seaweed extract, for instance, has been shown to improve the rhizosphere bacterial community, leading to better nutrient availability and increased rice yield (Chen et al., 2022). Moreover, the integration of frequently alternate wetting and drying (FAWD) irrigation regimes with reduced phosphorus doses has been found to maintain grain yield while enhancing water and phosphorus use efficiency (Zhang et al., 2019; Hussain et al., 2022). These practices are tailored to maximize the growth potential of hybrid rice under varying agricultural conditions. 2.3 Performance under different agricultural conditions Hybrid rice demonstrates remarkable performance under diverse agricultural conditions, including varying soil types and climatic environments. Studies have shown that the root-associated microbial communities of rice varieties including hybrid rice are significantly influenced by soil type, which in turn affects plant growth and yield (Xu et al., 2020; Xiong et al., 2021). For instance, the presence of beneficial microbes such as Azotobacter vinelandii and Serendipita indica has been found to augment rice growth by enhancing root-shoot biomass and chlorophyll content (Dabral et al., 2020; Hussain et al., 2022). Additionally, the rice genotype plays a crucial role in recruiting specific rhizosphere microbiomes that contribute to nutrient mineralization and reduced nutrient losses, thereby improving overall yield (Xu et al., 2020; Xiong et al., 2021). These findings underscore the adaptability and resilience of hybrid rice, making it a suitable candidate for optimizing dryland farming models. By leveraging the unique characteristics and advantages of hybrid rice, along with tailored cultivation practices and an understanding of its performance under different agricultural conditions, researchers and farmers can enhance root growth and rhizosphere microbial functions, ultimately leading to improved crop productivity and sustainability. 3 Dryland Farming Models 3.1 Definition and types of dryland farming Dryland farming refers to agricultural practices that rely on natural rainfall rather than irrigation. This method is particularly important in regions where water resources are scarce. There are several types of dryland farming, including:
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==