Molecular Soil Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 163-171 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 167 6 Case Study: Practical Applications of Straw Incorporation and Fertilizer Interaction 6.1 Site description and experimental design The study was conducted in various regions of China, including the semi-arid region, the Loess Plateau, and the Hetao Irrigation District. These areas were chosen due to their distinct climatic conditions and agricultural practices, which provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of straw incorporation and fertilizer interaction on maize. The experimental design varied across studies but generally included multiple treatments combining different rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and straw incorporation. For instance, treatments included control (no N or straw), various levels of N application (e.g., 150, 225, 300 kg/ha), and different straw management practices (e.g., no straw, half straw, full straw) (Zhang et al., 2020; Meng et al., 2021; Akhtar et al., 2023a). Some studies also incorporated slow-release nitrogen fertilizers and different methods of straw application, such as surface coverage and deep burial (Figure 3) (Guo et al., 2021; Hou et al., 2024). Figure 2 Impact of nitrogen fertilization on relative abundance of the bacterial phylum (Adopted from Wang et al., 2024) Image caption: CK, (N0P0); T1, (N0P90); T2, (N60P90); T3, (N120P90); and T4, (N180P90) (Adopted from Wang et al., 2024) Figure 3 Clustering bar chart of soil bacterial community samples at a genus level under different returning methods (Adopted from Hou et al., 2024)
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