Molecular Soil Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 151-162 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 160 mechanisms underlying these interactions (Kumawat et al., 2021; Xiong et al., 2021). 9.2 Innovative techniques and technologies To address these knowledge gaps, innovative techniques and technologies should be employed. Advanced metagenomics and metatranscriptomics can be utilized to identify and characterize the functional genes and pathways involved in root-microbe interactions (Lu et al., 2018; Xiong et al., 2021). Additionally, the use of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools can help in understanding the complex microbial networks and their dynamics in the rhizosphere (Li et al., 2019; Kumawat et al., 2021). Techniques such as stable isotope probing (SIP) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to track the activity and localization of specific microbial taxa in the rhizosphere (Zhang et al., 2019; Dabral et al., 2020). Furthermore, the development of synthetic microbial communities and their application in controlled environments can provide valuable insights into the functional roles of individual microbial species and their interactions with plant roots (Dabral et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2021). 9.3 Collaborative research and development Collaborative research and development efforts are essential to advance our understanding and optimization of dryland farming models for hybrid rice. Interdisciplinary collaborations between microbiologists, plant scientists, agronomists, and data scientists can facilitate the integration of diverse expertise and technologies (Kumawat et al., 2021). Partnerships between academic institutions, industry, and farmers can promote the practical application of research findings and the development of sustainable farming practices (Kumawat et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2019). Additionally, international collaborations can help in addressing the global challenges of food security and climate change by sharing knowledge and resources (Chen et al., 2019; Ding et al., 2019). Establishing long-term field trials and monitoring programs can provide valuable data on the effectiveness and sustainability of different farming practices and microbial inoculants (Chen et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019). By addressing these knowledge gaps, employing innovative techniques, and fostering collaborative research, we can enhance root growth and rhizosphere microbial functions in hybrid rice, ultimately leading to improved crop productivity and sustainability in dryland farming systems. 10 Concluding Remarks In conclusion, the optimization of dryland farming models for hybrid rice through the enhancement of root growth and rhizosphere microbial functions presents a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of these strategies on soil health and crop productivity. Additionally, the development of tailored microbial inoculants and organic supplements that cater to specific hybrid rice variety and soil conditions could further enhance the effectiveness of these approaches. Policymakers and agricultural practitioners should consider integrating these findings into agricultural practices to promote sustainable and resilient farming systems. By leveraging the synergistic potential of plant-microbe interactions, it is possible to achieve higher rice yields, improved soil health, and reduced environmental impact, thereby contributing to global food security and sustainability. Acknowledgments We appreciate the feedback from two anonymous peer reviewers on the manuscript of this review. Funding This work was supported by the grants from the Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Project (grant nos. 202207AA110010) and the Key and Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan (grant nos. 202202AE09002102). Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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