Molecular Soil Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 74-86 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 84 The future potential of natural nitrogen boosters, such as the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, is immense. Advances in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of this symbiosis could lead to the development of more efficient and resilient legume varieties. Additionally, exploring the use of non-rhizobial bacteria for nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants presents a promising avenue for enhancing soil fertility and plant growth in a broader range of crops. As we continue to face global challenges related to food security and environmental sustainability, harnessing the power of natural nitrogen boosters will be critical. Future research should focus on optimizing these symbiotic relationships and exploring their applications in diverse agricultural systems to maximize their benefits for sustainable agriculture. Acknowledgments The BioSci Publisher appreciate two anonymous peer reviewers for their comments on the manuscript of this study, which helps us to further improve the research content and structure. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abd-Alla M., Al-Amri S., and El-Enany A., 2023, Enhancing Rhizobium- legume symbiosis and reducing nitrogen fertilizer use are potential options for mitigating climate change, Agriculture, 13(11): 2092. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13112092 Andrews M., and Andrews M., 2016, Specificity in legume-rhizobia symbioses, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(4): 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040705 Bonaldi K., Gherbi H., Franche C., Bastien G., Fardoux J., Barker D., Giraud E., and Cartieaux F., 2010, The Nod factor-independent symbiotic signaling pathway: development of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation for the legume Aeschynomene indica, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 23(12): 1537-1544. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-06-10-0137 Ciccolella C., Raynard N., Mei J., Church D., and Ludwig R., 2010, Symbiotic legume nodules employ both rhizobial Exo- and Endo-hydrogenases to recycle hydrogen produced by nitrogen fixation, PLoS One, 5(8): e12094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012094 Clúa J., Roda C., Zanetti M., and Blanco F., 2018, Compatibility between legumes and rhizobia for the establishment of a successful nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, Genes, 9(3): 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030125 Costa S., Ng J., and Mathesius U., 2021, Interaction of symbiotic rhizobia and parasitic root-knot nematodes in legume roots - from molecular regulation to field application, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 34(5): 470-490. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-12-20-0350-FI diCenzo G., Zamani M., Checcucci A., Fondi M., Griffitts J., Finan T., and Mengoni A., 2018, Multidisciplinary approaches for studying rhizobium-legume symbioses, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 65(1): 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0377 Ficano N., Porder S., and McCulloch L., 2021, Tripartite legume-rhizobia-mycorrhizae relationship is influenced by light and soil nitrogen in Neotropical canopy gaps, Ecology, 102(11): e03489. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3489 Gage D., 2004, Infection and invasion of roots by symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia during nodulation of temperate legumes, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 68(2): 280-300. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.68.2.280-300.2004 Goyal R., Mattoo A., and Schmidt M., 2021, Rhizobial- host interactions and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume crops toward agriculture sustainability, Frontiers in Microbiology, 12: 669404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.669404 Han Q., Ma Q., Chen Y., Tian B., Xu L., Bai Y., Chen W., and Li X., 2020, Variation in rhizosphere microbial communities and its association with the symbiotic efficiency of rhizobia in soybean, The ISME Journal, 14: 1915-1928. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0648-9 Hungriaa M., and Vargasb M., 2000, Environmental factors affecting N2 fixation in grain legumes in the tropics, with an emphasis on Brazil, Field Crops Research, 65(2-3): 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(99)00084-2
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