Molecular Soil Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 74-86 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 82 Figure 3 Biomass partitioning in Trifolium fragiferum plants of different accessions in control (C), N-fertilized (N), rhizobia-inoculated (R) and rhizobia inoculated + N-fertilized (RN) treatments (Adopted from Jēkabsone et al., 2022) Image caption: Besides the increase in shoot biomass, another characteristic response of T. fragiferum plants to N fertilizer and rhizobial inoculation were changes in biomass partitioning. Accordingly, there was an increase in the proportion of biomass in flower stalks and inflorescences by the treatments, which was less pronounced for TF4, which already has high biomass of generative organs in control conditions, and for TF8 with the smallest biomass in generative organs (Adopted from Jēkabsone et al., 2022) Another significant challenge is the specificity of the symbiotic relationship, where incompatibility between certain rhizobial strains and legume hosts can result in ineffective nodulation or nodules that do not fix nitrogen efficiently. This specificity is controlled by complex genetic and molecular mechanisms, making it difficult to engineer broad-spectrum solutions that work across different legume species and environmental conditions (Wang et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2018). Moreover, the integration of plant and bacterial metabolism required for effective nitrogen fixation is highly intricate, involving numerous transporters and metabolic pathways that must be finely tuned (Udvardi and Poole, 2013). Any disruption in these processes can lead to reduced efficiency of nitrogen fixation, posing a challenge for consistent agricultural application.
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