Molecular Soil Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 59-70 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 68 Microbial decomposition is fundamental to soil health and ecosystem stability, driving essential processes such as nutrient cycling, organic matter breakdown, and carbon sequestration. The intricate interactions between fungi and bacteria, along with their diverse metabolic capabilities, ensure the continuous transformation and stabilization of organic matter in soils. Maintaining microbial diversity and promoting balanced microbial communities are vital for sustaining these processes, particularly in the face of global environmental changes and intensive agricultural practices. By optimizing microbial functions through sustainable soil management practices, we can enhance soil health, improve agricultural productivity, and contribute to global sustainability and food security. The ongoing research and technological advancements in monitoring microbial activity will further our understanding and ability to manage soil ecosystems effectively, ensuring their stability and resilience for future generations. Acknowledgments Thank you to the anonymous peer reviewers for their suggestions on improving this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Alkorta I., Amezaga I., Albizu I., Aizpurua A., Onaindia M., Buchner V., and Garbisu C., 2003, Molecular microbial biodiversity assessment: a biological indicator of soil health, Reviews on Environmental Health, 18: 131-151. https://doi.org/10.1515/REVEH.2003.18.2.131 Arcand M., Helgason B., and Lemke R., 2016, Microbial crop residue decomposition dynamics in organic and conventionally managed soils, Applied Soil Ecology, 107: 347-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APSOIL.2016.07.001 Baldrian P., Kolařík M., Štursová M., Kopecký J., Valášková V., Větrovský T., Žifčáková L., Šnajdr J., Rídl J., Vlček Č., and Voříšková J., 2011, Active and total microbial communities in forest soil are largely different and highly stratified during decomposition, The ISME Journal, 6: 248-258. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.95 Bhaduri D., Sihi D., Bhowmik A., Verma B., Munda S., and Dari B., 2022, A review on effective soil health bio-indicators for ecosystem restoration and sustainability, Frontiers in Microbiology, 13: 938481. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.938481 Bhanja S., Wang J., Shrestha N., and Zhang X., 2019, Microbial kinetics and thermodynamic (MKT) processes for soil organic matter decomposition and dynamic oxidation-reduction potential: model descriptions and applications to soil N2O emissions, Environmental Pollution, 247: 812-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.062 Brabcová V., Nováková M., Davidova A., and Baldrian P., 2016, Dead fungal mycelium in forest soil represents a decomposition hotspot and a habitat for a specific microbial community, The New Phytologist, 210(4): 1369-1381. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13849 Chu H., Gao G., Ma Y., Fan K., and Delgado-Baquerizo M., 2020, Soil microbial biogeography in a changing world: recent advances and future perspectives, mSystems, 5(2): 10.1128. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00803-19 Cotrufo M., Wallenstein M., Boot C., Denef K., and Paul E., 2013, The microbial efficiency‐matrix stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter? Global Change Biology, 19(4): 988-995. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12113 Crowther T., Hoogen J., Wan J., Mayes M., Mayes M., Keiser A., Keiser A., Mo L., Averill C., Averill C., and Maynard D., 2019, The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry, Science, 365(6455): eaav0550. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav0550 Delgado-Baquerizo M., Trivedi P., Trivedi C., Eldridge D., Reich P., Jeffries T., and Singh B., 2017, Microbial richness and composition independently drive soil multifunctionality, Functional Ecology, 31: 2330-2343. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12924 Doran J., and Zeiss M., 2000, Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic component of soil quality, Applied Soil Ecology, 15: 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(00)00067-6 Feng J., He K., Zhang Q., Han M., and Zhu B., 2022, Changes in plant inputs alter soil carbon and microbial communities in forest ecosystems, Global Change Biology, 28: 3426-3440. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16107
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