Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 193-204 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 201 Studies show that it is difficult for a single measure to fully exploit the energy utilization potential of sorghum. The future requires the integration and innovation of multiple fields such as agronomy, molecular biology, ecological environment and engineering technology. For instance, by integrating precise irrigation, intelligent fertilization, genetic improvement and high-throughput phenotypic analysis, the energy utilization efficiency of sorghum can be more systematically enhanced. At the same time, promoting the resource utilization of waste (such as returning digestive juices and sludge to the fields) and green production methods will help establish a low-carbon and circular agricultural energy system. Sorghum is drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant, with low input and high yield. It is an important crop for ensuring food security and developing bioenergy on arid, semi-arid and marginal land. By continuously optimizing energy utilization efficiency, sorghum is expected to play a greater role in the transformation of the global food and energy systems and contribute to achieving the goals of carbon neutrality and sustainable development. Acknowledgments Thank you to the reviewers for their rigorous academic approach in reviewing this study’s manuscript and offering many constructive suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Reference Akinseye F., Ajeigbe H., TraoréP., Agele S., Zemadim B., and Whitbread A., 2020, Improving sorghum productivity under changing climatic conditions: a modelling approach, Field Crops Research, 246: 107685 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107685 Ameen M., Mahmood A., Shahzad A., Zia M., and Javaid M., 2024, Sorghum's potential unleashed: a comprehensive exploration of bio-energy production strategies and innovations, Bioresource Technology Reports, 27: 101906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101906 Arumugam P., Chemura A., Aschenbrenner P., Schauberger B., and Gornott C., 2023, Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: an assessment on sorghum for Burkina Faso, European Journal of Agronomy, 142: 126655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126655 Bakari H., Ma D., Ruben Z., Roger D., Cedric D., Guillaume P., Pascal D., Philippe M., and Gwendoline C., 2022, Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and its main parts (By-Products) as promising sustainable sources of value-added ingredients, Waste and Biomass Valorization, 14: 1023-1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01992-7 Bazaluk O., Havrysh V., Fedorchuk M., and Nitsenko V., 2021, Energy assessment of sorghum cultivation in Southern Ukraine, Agriculture, 11(8): 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRICULTURE11080695 Belide S., Vanhercke T., Petrie J., and Singh S., 2017, Robust genetic transformation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) using differentiating embryogenic callus induced from immature embryos, Plant Methods, 13: 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-017-0260-9 Bollam S., Romana K., Rayaprolu L., Vemula A., Das R., Rathore A., Gandham P., Chander G., Deshpande S., and Gupta R., 2021, Nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum: exploring native variability for traits under variable N-regimes, Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 643192. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.643192 Brito R., Pádua T., Freire J., and Béttega R., 2017, Effect of mechanical energy on the energy efficiency of spouted beds applied on drying of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) moench], Chemical Engineering and Processing, 117: 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEP.2017.03.021 Cadiz J., Agcaoili R., Mamuad R., and Choi A., 2023, Fermentation of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) using immobilized yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) entrapped in calcium alginate beads, Fermentation, 9(3): 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030272 Chadalavada K., Kumari B., and Kumar T., 2021, Sorghum mitigates climate variability and change on crop yield and quality, Planta, 253: 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03631-2 Dunjana N., Dube E., Chauke P., Motsepe M., Madikiza S., Kgakatsi I., and Nciizah A., 2022, Sorghum as a household food and livelihood security crop under climate change in South Africa: a review, South African Journal of Science, 118: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/13340 Enciso J., Chavez J., Ganjegunte G., and Zapata S., 2019, Energy sorghum production under arid and semi-arid environments of texas, Water, 11(7): 1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/W11071344
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