Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 151-162 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 160 9.3 Demand for dual-purpose maize for food and fuel Some places are now vigorously developing the maize biofuel industry, but this has also brought some problems, such as people's concerns about the problem of "grain and fuel competing for land", leading to land and resource shortages (El-Araby, 2024; Khan et al., 2025). Therefore, it is very important to develop dual-purpose maize varieties that can be eaten as food and used as fuel. There is a certain positive correlation between maize grain and straw yield, which means that if the grain yield is high, the straw may also be high, which can be used as a reference for breeding dual-purpose varieties (Pratikshya et al., 2025). In addition to high yield and good quality, this variety must also be disease-resistant and stress-resistant, and the straw must have more cellulose and less lignin, so that it can be better converted into biofuels (Khan et al., 2025; Pratikshya et al., 2025). In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that climate change may affect the nutrition and biomass of maize, and a balance should be struck between stress resistance, nutritional value and fuel efficiency (Khan et al., 2025). 9.4 Breeding and industrial processing should be linked Some high-yield maize varieties grow well in the field, but when used for biofuels, they do not perform well, and the saccharification rate and ethanol yield do not meet expectations. This may be due to the composition, structure or difficulty in degrading the straw (Sokan-Adeaga et al., 2024; Pratikshya et al., 2025). Moreover, the current industrial processing technology is updated very quickly, and the requirements for raw materials are getting higher and higher. In order to solve this problem, breeding work should be more closely integrated with industrial experiments. After selecting good varieties from the field, they can be sent to laboratories or pilot plants for saccharification, fermentation and other tests to see which varieties are both high-yielding and suitable for industrial conversion (Ambaye et al., 2021; Sokan-Adeaga et al., 2024). At the same time, it is recommended that breeding experts, enterprises and scientific researchers cooperate more, share information and integrate technology, so as to speed up the process of bringing good varieties to the market. Acknowledgments The author thanks Ms. Julie Luo for providing support for this research. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abdel-Rhman M.M., 2015, Genetic modification of lignin to improve biofuel production from maize Zeamays L. using particle bombardment,In International Conference on Biological, Civil and Environmental Engineering (BCEE-2015), pp.1-6. Ambaye T.G., Vaccari M., Bonilla-Petriciolet A., Prasad S., van Hullebusch E.D., and Rtimi S., 2021, Emerging technologies for biofuel production: A critical review on recent progress, challenges and perspectives, Journal of environmental management, 290: 112627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112627 Barrière Y., Courtial A., Chateigner-Boutin A. L., Denoue D., and Grima-Pettenati J., 2016, Breeding maize for silage and biofuel production, an illustration of a step forward with the genome sequence, Plant Science, 242: 310-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.007 Barriere Y., Méchin V., Riboulet C., Guillaumie S., Thomas J., Bosio M., Fabre F., Goffner D., Pichon M., Lapierre C., and Martinant J.P., 2009, Genetic and genomic approaches for improving biofuel production from maize. Euphytica, 170(1): 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-9923-6 Choudhary M., Singh A., Gupta M., and Rakshit S., 2020, Enabling technologies for utilization of maize as a bioenergy feedstock, Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 14(2): 402-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2060 Costantini M., and Bacenetti J., 2021, Soybean and maize cultivation in South America: Environmental comparison of different cropping systems, Cleaner Environmental Systems, 2: 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CESYS.2021.100017
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