Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 128-138 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 134 Economic barriers are not only direct costs, but also possible indirect losses during the transition process. Farmers may face yield fluctuations or short-term declines in returns when learning and adapting to new technologies. This uncertainty makes many farmers prefer to continue using traditional production methods. 5.2 Knowledge and training gaps Many farmers do not fully understand the principles, operation methods, and long-term benefits of sustainable planting technologies. This makes it difficult for them to use new technologies correctly in actual operations (Kumar et al., 2023b; Indriastuty et al., 2024; Sithole and Olorunfemi, 2024). Due to limited training resources and an imperfect technical service system, it is difficult for farmers to get the required technical guidance or answers to their questions in a timely manner. Information dissemination channels are also limited, and farmers mainly rely on traditional experience or neighborhood exchanges to acquire new knowledge, which lacks scientific basis and systematicity. Even if some farmers are willing to try new technologies, they often give up when they encounter practical difficulties due to the lack of continuous technical support and follow-up services. 5.3 Resistance to traditional farming methods After years of practice, the traditional agricultural model has formed a stable production process and risk response mechanism, and farmers have a strong sense of trust in it. The adoption of sustainable practices often requires adjusting farming habits, purchasing new equipment, or changing crop planting structures. The uncertainty and learning costs brought about by such changes make them feel uneasy (Debnath et al., 2024; Indriastuty et al., 2024). Some farmers are also skeptical about the long-term benefits of sustainable practices. They are worried that new technologies may not bring the expected yields and benefits, and may even increase production risks. Social and cultural factors also affect farmers' decisions to a certain extent. 5.4 Policy and regulatory challenges In some regions, there is a lack of clear policies and incentives for sustainable agriculture (Yadav et al., 2020; Indriastuty et al., 2024; Sithole and Olorunfemi, 2024). Existing agricultural subsidies and financial policies mainly target production output and neglect support for environmentally friendly production methods. The imperfect supervision system makes it difficult to detect and correct some irregular operations in a timely manner. In the process of policy implementation, there are problems such as information asymmetry and uneven resource allocation, which prevents some farmers from enjoying the benefits of the policy (Yadav et al., 2020; Indriastuty et al., 2024; Sithole and Olorunfemi, 2024). 6 Challenges in Adopting Sustainable Practices 6.1 Government and policy support Governments can encourage farmers to adopt sustainable planting methods by setting environmental regulations, providing subsidies and rewards. Environmental policies also set clear rules for agriculture, and farmers need to operate according to these standards. Governments use economic incentives to guide people to use green technologies and more environmentally friendly management methods (Behera, 2023; Vishvas, 2024). Globally, such policies and market mechanisms can also help different countries exchange green technologies and promote the sharing of agricultural experiences (Adanma and Ogunbiyi, 2024). Policymakers must also consider economic goals and should not only emphasize environmental protection, but also ensure that farmers have income and industries can develop (Behera, 2023; Adanma and Ogunbiyi, 2024). Some policies are not fully implemented, some places have uneven resource allocation, and some have weak supervision and insufficient enforcement (Yuan and Zhang, 2020; Vishvas, 2024). If potato cultivation is to achieve true sustainable development, these problems need to be improved, such as improving policy content, strengthening supervision, arranging subsidies reasonably, and promoting international cooperation at multiple levels (Yuan and Zhang, 2020; Behera, 2023; Adanma and Ogunbiyi, 2024).
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