Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 128-138 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 131 Long-term use of organic fertilizers can increase yields, land utilization, and profits (Zhang et al., 2024a). Organic fertilizers and green manures can supplement nutrients, improve soil, and make beneficial microorganisms grow better (Waheed et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2024a). Methods such as straw mulching can retain water, prevent evaporation, and increase the number of beneficial bacteria, reducing soil acidification and nutrient loss (Waheed et al., 2023). Returning rice straw or corn stalks to the fields can improve soil quality and reduce the pollution and waste caused by burning straw. 3.2 Water resource protection Drip irrigation can use water more accurately, avoid waste, and improve water utilization (Wang et al., 2021). Collecting rainwater is important in arid areas. It is a good way to replenish water and allow crops to grow smoothly. Breeding the right varieties is critical. Through experiments, farmers can select varieties that are suitable for local weather and soil, which are both high-yielding and water-saving (Wang et al., 2021; Morugán-Coronado et al., 2024). Coupled with reasonable field management and irrigation arrangements, water can be used more efficiently and water pollution can be reduced (Wang et al., 2021). Although drip irrigation technology is very effective, the equipment is expensive and requires manual operation, which is a major difficulty in promotion (Wang et al., 2021). Therefore, the government should provide more technical assistance and subsidy policies to encourage everyone to use drip irrigation systems and water-saving varieties (Wang et al., 2021; Morugán-Coronado et al., 2024). 3.3 Integrated pest management (IPM) Integrated pest management is to reduce the use of pesticides through some natural methods, such as biological control, planting disease-resistant varieties and crop rotation. For example, using natural enemies and microorganisms to fight pests can reduce pesticide residues and reduce damage to the environment (Contreras-Liza et al., 2024; Morugán-Coronado et al., 2024). Promoting disease-resistant varieties can also reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and improve crop resistance (Morugán-Coronado et al., 2024). Introducing or protecting useful insects and microorganisms in the field is an important IPM practice, which controls pests more naturally and reduces the use of pesticides (Contreras-Liza et al., 2024). Insect-resistant and disease-resistant crop varieties can also improve crop health and reduce diseases (Contreras-Liza et al., 2024; Morugán-Coronado et al., 2024). Promoting IPM can not only protect the environment and biodiversity, but also save money and improve the safety of agricultural products. However, many farmers do not understand IPM technology and lack technical services, which are difficulties in promotion. More training and guidance should be provided to enable more people to use this method (Morugán-Coronado et al., 2024). 3.4 Fertilizer management Precision agriculture can monitor soil and crops to apply fertilizers on demand, reduce nutrient loss and pollution (Wang et al., 2021). Reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and adding reasonable irrigation will not affect the yield, but also improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and reduce excess nitrogen emissions. Using organic fertilizers and compost is a good way to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers. Long-term use of these natural fertilizers can increase yields, soil quality and income (Zhang et al., 2024a). They can increase soil organic matter, promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, improve soil structure, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (Waheed et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2024a). Returning straw to the field and planting green manure can also increase soil nutrients and reduce the input of chemical fertilizers (Waheed et al., 2023). The government can strengthen the promotion of organic fertilizers, provide more training, and help farmers apply fertilizers scientifically to grow potatoes more green and efficient (Zhang et al., 2024a).
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