Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 105-116 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 113 cooperatives, everyone works together, which is more efficient and has better economic benefits. We should not only focus on rapeseed oil, but also make full use of by-products, such as rapeseed cake and straw, and turn them into energy or useful products, so as to truly enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of the entire industry (Woźniak et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2022; Suchocki, 2024). 10 Conclusion and Future Perspectives Rapeseed is a promising renewable energy crop. With its high oil content and strong adaptability, it can be used to produce biodiesel and other biofuels. In Europe and other regions, rapeseed has become an important energy crop. In addition to oil extraction, rapeseed byproducts are also useful. Straw, rapeseed meal and pressed pellets can not only be used as biofuels, but also be used to feed livestock or as an alternative energy source for home heating. This can make better use of resources. Studies have also found that planting rapeseed on previously idle arable land and then using its waste can greatly increase local energy output and meet the clean electricity needs of many households. The combination of artificial intelligence and geographic information systems has also helped to find the most suitable places for planting. Rapeseed biomass has new uses, such as high-performance supercapacitor materials, opening up new directions in the field of new energy. Although rapeseed biomass has a good prospect, there are still many problems to be solved. First, the varieties of rapeseed need to be improved. In order to make it more productive and disease-resistant and drought-resistant, genetic breeding work must continue. Some materials used in the process of making biofuels, such as enzymes, are too expensive. This limits its large-scale promotion. Now we urgently need to find cheaper and more effective enzymes and improve the extraction methods. Another problem is that how to integrate rapeseed energy in different regions and how to use it in multiple ways is not yet mature. There is a lack of a complete set of systematic models, and there is no complete life cycle assessment tool to judge how sustainable it is. In the future, the development of rapeseed biomass energy can be carried out in several directions. First, it is necessary to consider the combination of ecology and economy in planting planning, so that agriculture, energy and environmental protection can develop together. Second, more policy support is needed, and specific regulations and incentives are introduced to promote the wider use of rapeseed energy. Third, we must strengthen international cooperation and do more scientific research exchanges. Including variety improvement, production process innovation, industrial chain integration and other aspects, only when the world promotes it together can the competitiveness of rapeseed biomass energy be truly improved. Acknowledgments We sincerely appreciate the valuable opinions and suggestions provided by the two anonymous reviewers. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abdul Malek A.B.M., Hasanuzzaman M., and Rahim N.A., 2020, Prospects, progress, challenges and policies for clean power generation from biomass resources, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 22(6): 1229-1253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01873-4 Abdulvahitoğlu A., and Kiliç M., 2021, A new approach for selecting the most suitable oilseed for biodiesel production; the integrated AHP-TOPSIS method, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(3): 101604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.10.002 Aslan S., 2020, Examination of the biodiesel production performances of natural and modified bentonite heterogeneous basic catalysts, Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 10(2): 1119-1128. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.631224 Bacenetti J., 2020, Economic and environmental impact assessment of renewable energy from biomass, Sustainability, 12(14): 5619. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145619 Banerjee N., 2022, Biomass to energy — an analysis of current technologies, prospects, and challenges, BioEnergy Research, 16: 683-716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10500-7
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