Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 94-104 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 102 Converting these residues that were originally to be discarded into useful products can not only bring economic benefits, but also reduce pollution to the environment. Active substances such as cordycepin extracted from the residues can be applied to cosmeceuticals to increase product added value. This recycling of resources can also help the Cordyceps industry achieve a more environmentally friendly production method. Future research directions may focus on technology improvement and industrial application, such as improving the recovery rate of active ingredients by improving extraction methods, such as using macroporous resins to efficiently extract polysaccharides. Policy support is also critical and will help promote the scale-up of these products. With the development of biotechnology, the combination of traditional planting methods and modern technology will help improve the utilization efficiency of active substances in Cordyceps residues and further promote the development of related bio-industries. Acknowledgments I would like to thank Ms. Livia Han continuous support throughout the development of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bejenaru L., Radu A., Segneanu A., Biță A., Manda C., Mogoșanu G., and Bejenaru C., 2024, Innovative strategies for upcycling agricultural residues and their various pharmaceutical applications, Plants, 13(15): 2133. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152133 Bi S., Jing Y., Zhou Q., Hu X., Zhu J., Guo Z., Song L., and Yu R., 2018, Structural elucidation and immunostimulatory activity of a new polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, Food and function, 9(1): 279-293. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fo01147d Caplins L., and Halvorson S., 2017, Collecting Ophiocordyceps sinensis: an emerging livelihood strategy in the Garhwal, Indian Himalaya, Journal of Mountain Science, 14: 390-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-3892-8 Caplins L., Halvorson S., and Bosak K., 2018, Beyond resistance: a political ecology of cordyceps as alpine niche product in the Garhwal, Indian Himalaya, Geoforum, 96: 298-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOFORUM.2018.08.019 Chen B., Sun Y., Luo F., and Wang C., 2020, Bioactive metabolites and potential mycotoxins produced by Cordyceps fungi: a review of safety, Toxins, 12(6): 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12060410 Chilakamarry C., Sakinah A., Zularisam A., Sirohi R., Khilji I., Ahmad N., and Pandey A., 2021, Advances in solid-state fermentation for bioconversion of agricultural wastes to value-added products: Opportunities and challenges, Bioresource technology, 343: 126065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126065 Das G., Shin H., Leyva-Gómez G., Prado-Audelo M., Cortés H., Singh Y., Panda M., Mishra A., Nigam M., Saklani S., Chaturi P., Martorell M., Cruz-Martins N., Sharma V., Garg N., Sharma R., and Patra J., 2021, Cordyceps spp.: a review on its immune-stimulatory and other biological potentials, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11: 602364. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.602364 Dessbesell L., Xu C., Pulkki R., Leitch M., and Mahmood N., 2017, Forest biomass supply chain optimization for a biorefinery aiming to produce high-value bio-based materials and chemicals from lignin and forestry residues: a review of literature, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 47: 277-288. https://doi.org/10.1139/CJFR-2016-0336 Duan Y., Zhou A., Yue X., Wang S., Gao Y., Luo Y., Zhang X., and Zhang J., 2021, Initial-alkaline motivated fermentation of fine-sieving fractions and its effect on properties of cellulosic components, Chemosphere, 284: 131275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131275 He B., Guo L., Zheng Q., Lin S., Lin J., Wei T., and Ye Z., 2019, A simple and effective method using macroporous resins for the simultaneous decoloration and deproteinisation of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides, International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54(5): 1741-1751. https://doi.org/10.1111/IJFS.14063 Hsieh Y., Lin W., Chuang W., Chen M., Chang S., and Lee T., 2020, Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers, Animal Bioscience, 34: 265-275. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0889 Jin M., Park S., Kim Y., Park G., Son H., and Lee S., 2011, Suppression of α-MSH and IBMX-induced melanogenesis by cordycepin via inhibition of CREB and MITF, and activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK-dependent mechanisms, International journal of molecular medicine, 29(1): 119-124. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.807
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