Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 85-93 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 89 6.2 Economic barriers and implementation challenges faced by farmers and processors Green cultivation and processing technologies have many benefits, but many farmers still find it difficult to adopt this approach. Farmers, especially small farmers, lack access to loans and find it difficult to raise funds for the initial purchase of equipment (Feder and O'Mara, 1981). In addition to funding issues, another problem is that these new technologies are more complex than traditional agriculture and require specialized training. However, in rural areas, such technical support and learning opportunities are relatively rare (Adnan et al., 2019). There is also a practical problem: the benefits of green cultivation and processing technologies are not very stable. When market prices fluctuate greatly, it is difficult for consumers to pay high prices for products, and farmers are even more reluctant to try them easily. Contract farming and specialized markets for sustainable agricultural products can alleviate these problems, but not all regions have such guarantees (Table 1) (Chen and Zhou, 2023). In some areas, without government subsidies or incentives, even if green technologies have better long-term benefits, their short-term input costs are high and the payback period is long, so most farmers will continue to use traditional agricultural methods. 6.3 How government policies and subsidies can support the adoption of green technologies Government support is very important for promoting green agricultural technology. The government can help farmers reduce the pressure of equipment investment through subsidies and economic incentives. Many regions have implemented relevant policies and programs to subsidize solar equipment and precision irrigation, which has greatly increased the use of green technology (Manimozhi and Gayathri, 2012). In addition to financial subsidies, relevant departments can set up training and demonstration projects to let farmers understand the use and benefits of green technology and reduce their concerns and resistance (Yang et al., 2016). The government can also make it easier to sell green agricultural products and sell them at a good price through certification marks and price protection policies. This can ensure that farmers get more reasonable benefits in the entire production chain, thereby promoting their continued adoption of these new technologies. 7 Future Research Directions 7.1 Gaps in current research and future areas of investigation Although there have been many achievements in the research on emission reduction through green planting and processing technologies, there are still many gaps. In particular, there is not enough understanding of the application effects in different regions and whether these technologies can be promoted. He et al. (2023) conducted a survey on small farmers in China and mentioned that their equipment was old and energy efficiency was low, which would lead to more carbon emissions. However, there are relatively few studies on how to use local clean energy to help them reduce emissions. Another problem is that there are few studies that analyze what kind of environmental changes will be brought about by replacing traditional practices with green technologies in the long run. We have not yet figured out whether using several green technologies together can produce better results. There is not much data on whether the combination of smart irrigation and organic fertilizer can further reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Xu et al., 2019). Future research should pay more attention to these "combination effects" and also find ways to integrate different green technologies into various types of agricultural environments. 7.2 The potential of emerging technologies to reduce carbon emissions Some new technologies, such as carbon capture and smart agriculture, are now beginning to show good potential for reducing emissions in chrysanthemum cultivation. If carbon capture technology can be used in conjunction with a processing system that uses biomass energy, emissions can be reduced even more, and it can also help the soil store more carbon (Fajardy and Dowell, 2017). These methods can bring agricultural systems closer to "carbon neutrality". Smart agriculture uses sensors and AI data analysis. It can help farmers use water and fertilizer more reasonably and can also see the state of the soil in real time. For example, adjusting the irrigation system according to the real-time condition of the soil can save electricity, fertilizer, and reduce emissions (Li et al., 2023). Future research should consider how to integrate these technologies into the systems that farmers are already using, and also see whether these new methods are really economical.
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