Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 85-93 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 87 3.3 The impact of green cultivation technologies on soil health, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity Green cultivation technology can increase the organic matter content in the soil, enrich the microbial diversity in the soil, and enhance the sustainability of the soil. Organic agriculture can significantly improve the water retention capacity of the soil, making nutrients in the soil easier for plants to absorb, which helps to increase the long-term yield of plants. In 2012, Tuomisto's team conducted a comprehensive analysis and found that organic farming can store more soil organic carbon, help fix carbon, and slow down climate warming (Tuomisto et al., 2012). Some methods of agricultural ecology mainly include mixed planting and cover crops, which can provide a "home" for beneficial insects and microorganisms, which can not only better control pests, but also improve pollination efficiency and soil resilience (Tiwari, 2021). 4 Green Processing Technologies 4.1 Energy-efficient drying technologies to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions Drying is one of the most power-consuming and energy-consuming steps after the chrysanthemum is picked. Traditional methods such as hot air drying require a lot of energy and have high carbon emissions. Now there are some new and more environmentally friendly methods, such as solar drying and heat pump drying. These methods use renewable energy and can improve heat utilization efficiency. In 2020, Acar's team combined solar energy and infrared drying, which not only achieved the purpose of saving electricity and reducing carbon emissions, but also maintained the quality of chrysanthemum. Other advanced drying technologies, such as microwave-assisted drying and vacuum drying, can make drying faster and less energy-consuming. Microwave-assisted drying can reduce emissions by about half, which is much more environmentally friendly than traditional drying methods (Menon et al., 2020). 4.2 The impact of eco-friendly packaging and low-carbon transportation on carbon emissions Using environmentally friendly materials for packaging, such as those that can be decomposed or recycled, can reduce garbage pollution and reduce carbon emissions of agricultural products. In particular, lighter packaging can reduce fuel consumption of transport vehicles and have a more obvious emission reduction effect. Research by Rajarajeswari et al. (2018) pointed out that the use of this sustainable packaging material can help make the entire supply chain more environmentally friendly. In terms of transportation, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are more carbon-efficient than traditional fuel vehicles. If shipments are combined and routes are planned properly during transportation, energy can also be saved and emissions can be reduced. Some cold chain delivery vehicles use solar cooling systems, which can also reduce dependence on diesel or gasoline and provide a greener solution for transportation (Arslan and Aktas, 2020). 4.3 Optimization of energy use in post-harvest processing to reduce carbon emissions The post-processing links of chrysanthemum, such as washing, sorting, and packaging, usually require a lot of electricity. Now, some efficient equipment (such as energy-saving motors and automatic sorting machines) can greatly reduce the energy consumption of these processes. Some processing plants have installed heat recovery systems to reuse waste heat and avoid wasting energy (Djaeni et al., 2015). The use of renewable energy can also further reduce carbon emissions. Solar panels or biomass energy equipment are good choices. Bal's team (2010) conducted research and calculated that the solar system can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 2 kg per hour during the processing process, making it a reliable green agricultural solution. 5 Carbon Emissions in Hangbai Chrysanthemum Production 5.1 Actual data and analysis of carbon emissions in traditional cultivation and processing When traditionally growing chrysanthemum, a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used. These practices produce a lot of greenhouse gases. Nitrous oxide released by soil during management is one of the main sources of carbon emissions. In the processing stage, drying is usually done by burning coal or wood. These fuels are inefficient and energy-intensive, so carbon emissions are also serious (Lal, 2004). Cui et al. (2019) conducted a study and pointed out that according to traditional methods, every ton of chrysanthemum processed will emit about 50 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent. This inefficient method not only puts great pressure on the environment, but also affects the sustainable development of the chrysanthemum industry.
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