Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 75-84 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 82 compare these effects with engines using traditional diesel. This information will be of great help in the future promotion of biodiesel. If renewable energy such as solar energy can be integrated into the biodiesel production process, it will further reduce costs and improve overall sustainability. It is also possible to consider using waste cooking oil or other non-edible oils as raw materials, which can not only reduce dependence on crops, but also promote the development of a circular economy. Rapeseed oil is an efficient and environmentally friendly biodiesel raw material and a viable alternative to fossil fuels. By improving planting and processing methods, it is expected to produce high-quality and high-standard biodiesel. At present, the demand for clean energy is increasing around the world. Biodiesel based on rapeseed can reduce carbon emissions and reduce dependence on non-renewable energy, which is a feasible way. Research in this field is still progressing. As long as we keep working hard, we can better tap the potential of rapeseed oil and realize a green energy future. Acknowledgments The authors sincerely thank Dr. Zhang for carefully reviewing the initial draft of the manuscript and providing detailed revision suggestions. The authors also extend deep gratitude to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions on the initial draft of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abbadi A., and Leckband G., 2011, Rapeseed breeding for oil content, quality, and sustainability, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 113: 1198-1206. https://doi.org/10.1002/EJLT.201100063 Ali E., and Zhang K., 2023, CRISPR-mediated technology for seed oil improvement in rapeseed: challenges and future perspectives, Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1086847. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1086847 Almasi S., Ghobadian B., Najafi G., Yusaf T., Soufi M., and Hoseini S., 2019, Optimization of an ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production process from one genotype of rapeseed (TERI (OE) R-983) as a novel feedstock using response surface methodology, Energies, 12(14): 2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN12142656 Azócar L., Ciudad G., Heipieper H., Muñoz R., and Navia R., 2010, Improving fatty acid methyl ester production yield in a lipase-catalyzed process using waste frying oils as feedstock, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 109(6): 609-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.12.001 Das S., Das A., Idapuganti R., Layek J., Thakuria D., Sarkar D., Bhupenchandra I., Lal R., Chowdhury S., Babu S., and Debbarma K., 2023, Liming and micronutrient application improves soil properties and productivity of the groundnut-rapeseed cropping system in an acidic Inceptisol of India's eastern Himalayas, Land Degradation and Development, 34: 3681-3699. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4713 Duren I., Voinov A., Arodudu O., and Firrisa M., 2015, Where to produce rapeseed biodiesel and why? Mapping European rapeseed energy efficiency. Renewable Energy, 74: 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2014.07.016 Esmaeilpour-Troujeni M., Rohani A., and Khojastehpour M., 2021, Optimization of rapeseed production using exergy analysis methodology, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 43: 100959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100959 Feng J., Hussain H., Hussain S., Shi C., Cholidah L., Men S., Ke J., and Wang L., 2020, Optimum water and fertilizer management for better growth and resource use efficiency of rapeseed in rainy and drought seasons, Sustainability, 12(2): 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020703 Ganev E., Ivanov B., Vaklieva-Bancheva N., Kirilova E., and Dzhelil Y., 2021, A multi-objective approach toward optimal design of sustainable integrated biodiesel/diesel supply chain based on first- and second-generation feedstock with solid waste use, Energies, 14(8): 2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN14082261 Herrmann I., Jørgensen A., Bruun S., and Hauschild M., 2013, Potential for optimized production and use of rapeseed biodiesel. Based on a comprehensive real-time LCA case study in Denmark with multiple pathways, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18: 418-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0486-8 Jin Z., Chen C., Chen X., Hopkins I., Zhang X., Han Z., Jiang F., and Billy G., 2019, The crucial factors of soil fertility and rapeseed yield - A five year field trial with biochar addition in upland red soil, China, The Science of the total environment, 649: 1467-1480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.412
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