Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 75-84 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 77 make rapeseed grow more vigorously. This not only allows the plant to accumulate more dry matter, but also increases the oil content of the seeds, and finally the total yield and profit will be higher (Tian et al., 2020). In acidic soils, if lime is added, as well as trace elements such as zinc, boron and molybdenum, it can also improve the pH and organic carbon content of the soil, while making the nutrients in the soil richer. These changes can improve soil quality and production capacity (Tanner et al., 2023). Figure 1 The steps involved in CRISPR technology for seed oil improvement inBrassica napus (Adopted from Ali and Zhang, 2023) 3.2 Optimized planting densities and irrigation practices In addition to soil management, planting density and irrigation methods also have a great impact on rapeseed yields. Field experiments have found that planting rapeseed more densely and applying fertilizer appropriately can make the plants grow denser, and the dry matter and oil content of the output are significantly increased (Tian et al., 2020). Some water-saving methods are also particularly effective in areas with water shortages or climate change. Spreading some straw in the field or using ridges to collect rainwater can improve water use efficiency and nutrient absorption capacity. Not only can it allow crops to absorb more water and nutrients, it can also reduce nutrient loss during the rainy season and keep the soil moist during the dry season. Doing so will ultimately increase the oil content in rapeseed (Feng et al., 2020). 3.3 Integrated pest and disease management In order to maintain the high efficiency of oil production, the issue of pest and disease management cannot be ignored. Integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) is an effective method of pest and disease control. Zhang et al. (2020) found in their study that good weeding and drainage during rapeseed cultivation can significantly increase rapeseed yields. With other conditions unchanged, weeding alone can increase rapeseed yields by about 45.6%. Leaving rapeseed straw in the field after harvest can increase the organic matter, microbial count and enzyme activity in the soil, improve the health of the soil, and is also conducive to rapeseed growth. At the same time, it can also reduce the risk of heavy metal (especially cadmium) pollution. These management methods not only make crops grow better, but also make the entire planting environment safer and more suitable for rapeseed growth (Yang et al., 2020; Das et al., 2023). 4 Case Study: Implementing Precision Agriculture for Rapeseed Yield Optimization 4.1 Background and selection of study area The study was conducted in northern Iran, a region with a favorable climate that is conducive to rapeseed cultivation. Both rain-fed and artificial irrigation methods have great potential here. We chose this region as a study site to see how different planting methods affect rapeseed yields. The diverse climate and rich soil types here provide a good environment for testing various agricultural technologies, especially those that increase oil production (Almasi et al., 2019).
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