Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 64-74 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 66 Figure 1 Effect of in vitro PEG mediated osmotic stress on antioxidative enzyme activities of leaf tissues of Chinese potato genotypes (Adopted from Sahoo et al., 2021) Image caption: (a) superoxide dismutase (SOD, U g–1 FW), (b) catalase (CAT, µM min–1g–1 FW) and (c) guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, µM min–1g–1 FW), Values are the mean of three replicates and bars represent standard error of means. Different letters in upper case represent significant differences between the treatments (control, –0.2 MPa and –0.5 MPa) in the genotypes and lower case represents significant difference among the genotypes under each treatment according to Tukey’s test (Adopted from Sahoo et al., 2021) 3.1.2 Salinity stress: ionic imbalance and ROS generation in potato cells Under saline-alkali stress, potatoes absorb excessive sodium and chloride, which disrupts the ion balance in cells, easily causing cell dehydration, and leading to more ROS generation. These excessive ROS attack key molecules such as fats, proteins, and nucleic acids, affecting cell function, and in severe cases, causing cell death (Miller et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021). Ion imbalance prevents plants from maintaining a normal state in cells and aggravates stress responses (Czarnocka and Karpiński, 2018; Panda et al., 2024). To combat the above situation, potatoes activate some special signaling pathways to activate genes related to ROS removal. At the same time, they synthesize a substance called "compatible solutes" to help maintain water balance in cells and reduce the damage caused by ROS (You and Chan, 2015; Hasanuzzaman et al., 2020). The interaction between these ROS and ion regulation is key to potato's response to salinity stress (Alscher et al., 1997; Mahalingam and Fedoroff, 2003).
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