Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 1-12 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 5 4.3 Carbon sequestration technologies Innovations in soil carbon monitoring technologies are crucial for accurately assessing SOC levels and the effectiveness of various carbon sequestration practices. Advanced soil sensors and remote sensing technologies enable precise measurement of SOC changes over time, providing valuable data for optimizing carbon sequestration strategies (Hutchinson et al., 2007). These technologies help in identifying the most effective practices for different soil types and climatic conditions, thereby enhancing the overall carbon sequestration potential (Lal, 2004). Data analysis techniques, including machine learning and statistical modeling, are essential for understanding the complex interactions between soil management practices and SOC sequestration. These techniques allow for the integration of large datasets from various sources, enabling more accurate predictions of SOC changes and the identification of best management practices (Hutchinson et al., 2007). By leveraging data analysis, researchers can develop more effective strategies for enhancing carbon storage in agricultural soils (Lal, 2004). 5 Integrating Renewable Energy in Agriculture 5.1 Energy transition in farming practices Biogas energy, derived from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste, is a promising renewable energy source for agriculture. AD processes convert agricultural residues, livestock waste, and other organic materials into biogas, which can be used for heat and power generation (Figure 2). This not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions but also provides a sustainable energy source for farms (Purdy et al., 2018; Tamburini et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2021). The Biogasdoneright™ system, for instance, integrates biogas production with sustainable agricultural practices, enhancing both energy recovery and carbon sequestration (Dale et al., 2020; Magnolo et al., 2021). Figure 2 Regional LCA of energy crops impacting crop mix and location on GHG emissions (Adapted from O'Keeffe and Thrän, 2019) Solar energy integration in agriculture involves the use of photovoltaic panels to harness solar power for various farming operations. This renewable energy source can be used to power irrigation systems, greenhouses, and other farm equipment, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon footprints. Solar energy systems are particularly beneficial in regions with high solar irradiance, providing a reliable and sustainable energy source for agricultural activities (O'Keeffe and Thrän, 2019; Sharma et al., 2021). Wind energy applications in agriculture include the use of wind turbines to generate electricity for farm operations. Wind power is a clean and renewable energy source that can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Farms located in windy regions can benefit from installing wind turbines to meet their energy needs, contributing to a more sustainable and energy-efficient agricultural system (O'Keeffe and Thrän, 2019; Sharma et al., 2021).
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