Journal of Energy Bioscience 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 13-20 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 17 undergone significant genetic differentiation. Mahadevaiah et al. (2021) believe that combining genome selection with phylogenetic analysis can improve the precision introduction efficiency of good alleles and accelerate the speed of breeding. Figure 2 An overview of the diversity of the sugarcane accessions (Adopted from Yang et al., 2018) Image caption: a: Geographical distribution of the 299 accessions selected from the World Collection of Sugarcane and Related Grasses. B: Phylogenetic tree of the 307 accessions. C: Discriminant analysis of principal components analysis of the 307 sugarcane accessions. Robu=S. robustum; Spon=S. spontaneum; Off=S. officinarum; Hybrid=modern S. hybrids; Barb=S. barberi, Sine=S. sinence; Non sacc=Non saccharum (Adopted from Yang et al., 2018) 7 Applications and Future Prospects 7.1 Phylogenetic data in breeding programs Phylogenetic data revealed the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of different species and hybrids of sugarcane. Xiong et al. ’s study in 2022 showed that selection efficiency could be improved and hybrid combinations optimized by identifying specific alleles in Saccharumspecies. Medeiros et al. (2020) found that understanding population structure and genetic diversity is beneficial to germplasm resource management and the development of new varieties. Mahadevaiah et al. (2021) believe that integrating phylogenetic data into the breeding process can improve the efficient utilization of germplasm resources and accelerate the improvement of varieties. 7.2 Integrating phylogeny with functional genomics Li et al. ’s study in 2024 showed that phylogenetic relationships can be correlated with functional traits based on whole genome sequencing and identification of SNPS associated with traits. Vilela et al. (2017) suggested that this combination could make it possible to identify candidate genes and key gene regions, and help breeders achieve trait oriented precision breeding. Evans et al. (2019) found that the application of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes in phylogenetic studies can provide additional information for research and help researchers identify closely related varieties and analyze the evolutionary origin of sugarcane. 7.3 Prospects for evolution-informed genome editing Yang et al. ’s research in 2018 showed that key genes and pathways affected by natural selection and adaptive evolution can be identified through phylogenetic and genomic studies. This information can be used to guide genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 to improve traits such as stress resistance, disease resistance,
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