Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 337-348 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 337 Research Insight Open Access Improving Photosynthesis Efficiency in Potato: A Review of Genetic and Agronomic Approaches Jiayi Wu, Ze Huang Biotechnology Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, China Corresponding email: ze.huang@cuixi.org Journal of Energy Bioscience, 2024, Vol.15, No.6 doi: 10.5376/jeb.2024.15.0028 Received: 15 Sep., 2024 Accepted: 23 Oct., 2024 Published: 04 Nov., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wu and Huang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wu J.Y., and Huang Z., 2024, Improving photosynthesis efficiency in potato: a review of genetic and agronomic approaches, Journal of Energy Bioscience, 15(6): 337-348 (doi: 10.5376/jeb.2024.15.0028) Abstract Photosynthetic efficiency is the core physiological basis for the formation of crop productivity. The study of its regulatory mechanism has important theoretical value and practical significance for staple crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) that are related to global food security. This study systematically explains the genetic improvement path and agronomic regulation system for improving potato photosynthetic efficiency: (1) Based on the perspective of photosynthetic physiological ecology, key limiting factors such as source-sink imbalance, photoinhibition and abiotic stress were analyzed; (2) From the perspective of molecular design breeding, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated photosynthetic gene editing technology and cross-species transfer strategies of key enzyme genes in C4 and CAM photosynthetic pathways were reviewed; (3) Through the agronomic regulation level, an efficiency-enhancing technology system with dynamic rationing of mineral nutrients, precise water regulation and coordinated application of plant growth regulators as the core was established. Combined with crop physiological experimental data, the role of chloroplast targeted modification in promoting the stability of photosystem II and the efficiency of the Calvin cycle was verified. The study further explored the application prospects of interdisciplinary technologies such as multi-omics integrated analysis, hyperspectral remote sensing monitoring and machine learning algorithms in whole genome association analysis and phenotypic omics research. Based on the scientific problems existing in existing research, such as the unclear regulation mechanism of metabolic networks and insufficient quantification of the interaction effect between genotype and environment, this study proposed the development direction of establishing a genetic-physiological-environmental multiscale coupling model to provide a theoretical framework for the directional improvement of potato photosynthetic performance and sustainable intensive production. Keywords Photosynthetic efficiency; Potato; Genetic improvement; Agronomic regulation; Multiscale coupling model 1 Introduction Photosynthesis, as the core physiological process of plant material accumulation and energy conversion, directly determines the biomass formation and yield potential of crops through its efficiency in converting light energy into chemical energy. In the current global food security context, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency through multidimensional strategies has become an important direction in crop physiology research. Current research mainly focuses on: (1) genetic improvement pathways, including rate limiting enzyme expression optimization based on dynamic modeling (such as the synergistic regulation of Rubisco activating enzyme and SBPase in potatoes) (Vijayakumar et al., 2023), as well as the modification of photoresponsive pathways by transgenic technology, although the latter has genotype dependent expression differences (Lehretz et al., 2022); (2) The agronomic regulation system optimizes the efficiency of light interception and carbon assimilation allocation through cultivation measures. These studies provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the coupling mechanism between photosynthesis regulatory networks and crop yield formation. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), as a globally important non cereal crop, has a significant synergistic effect on yield formation and stress resistance enhancement due to the improvement of its photosynthetic efficiency. Research has shown that genetic improvement can effectively promote carbon assimilation flux and tuber biomass accumulation. For example, heterologous expression of Arabidopsis thaliana light signal regulator AtBBX21 gene significantly increased net photosynthetic rate and tuber yield while maintaining water use efficiency (Crocco et al., 2018). In addition, comparative physiological analysis of multiple varieties confirms that under CO2
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