Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 337-348 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 346 CRISPR/Cas9 system, further breaks through the limitations of traditional transgenic technology by precisely modifying photosynthesis related genes without introducing exogenous DNA fragments, making high-yield varieties more in line with current regulatory requirements and social acceptance (Hameed et al., 2018). Future research should focus on building a collaborative optimization system between genetic improvement and agronomic measures, with a particular emphasis on addressing the bottleneck of converting laboratory results into field applications. Through interdisciplinary and integrated systematic research, the ultimate goal is to achieve a dual breakthrough in potato varieties in terms of yield potential and environmental adaptability, providing sustainable solutions to global food security challenges. 8 Concluding Remarks This review systematically describes the multi-dimensional strategies for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of potato. Studies have shown that heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis light signal regulator AtBBX21 gene can significantly enhance the stability of the plant's photosystem II under high light stress, increase the net photosynthetic rate by 23%~28%, and ensure that the water use efficiency is not affected by maintaining the optimization of stomatal conductance, ultimately achieving a 15%~20% increase in tuber yield. The kinetic model based on metabolic flux analysis further revealed that by synergistically regulating the expression levels of Calvin cycle rate-limiting enzymes such as Rubisco activase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBP aldolase) and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), the CO2 assimilation efficiency of potato can be increased by 28%, which provides a clear target for molecular design breeding of photosynthesis. These findings have laid an important foundation for breaking through the theoretical limit of photosynthetic efficiency of C3 crops. The development and utilization of natural genetic variation as a potential resource pool for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency is still insufficient, while quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping research is gradually elucidating the genetic regulatory network of photosynthetic related traits. However, studies have shown that overexpression of specific genes, such as the PsbS gene that regulates the non photochemical quenching (NPQ) pathway, may lead to a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and tuber yield under dynamic light conditions, revealing the complexity and systematicity of genetic modifications. Meanwhile, the synergistic regulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and stomatal conductance plays a decisive role in optimizing carbon water balance under field conditions, which requires genetic improvement strategies to integrate the interaction mechanisms of multiple physiological processes. It is worth noting that the collaborative transformation strategy based on multi gene network regulation has shown significant potential in achieving synergistic improvement of photosynthetic performance and water use efficiency, providing new ideas for breaking through the limitations of single trait improvement. Future research should focus on multi gene collaborative regulation strategies to systematically break through the multiple limiting factors of photosynthesis. Compared to single gene modification, this integrated approach exhibits a more significant synergistic effect in improving photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency. By combining high-throughput phenotype platform with forward genetic screening, the allelic variations of photosynthetic related traits in potato germplasm resources can be systematically analyzed, providing valuable genetic loci for molecular design breeding. At the technical application level, it is crucial to develop precise phenotype systems such as aerosol culture for quantitative analysis of key traits of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). This technology can accurately identify functional genes that regulate nitrogen assimilation and transport. At the same time, based on the differential response characteristics of different genotypes to the increase of CO2 concentration, a variety screening system suitable for future climate can be established to optimize the matching efficiency between photosynthetic carbon assimilation and tuber yield formation. By integrating cutting-edge technologies such as genetic improvement guided by multi omics, high-precision phenotype omics, and natural variation mining, a systematic solution for improving potato photosynthetic efficiency will be constructed. This will not only break through the existing yield bottleneck, but also promote the innovative development of resource-saving agricultural models.
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