Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 314-325 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 322 The future of enzyme-catalyzed biofuel cells holds great promise, particularly in the context of sustainable and green energy solutions. The advancements in enzyme immobilization techniques, electrode materials, and computational modeling have paved the way for significant improvements in the performance and stability of EBCs. However, several challenges need to be addressed to realize their full potential: Enhancing stability and power output: Continued research is needed to improve the long-term stability and power output of EBCs. This includes exploring new materials for enzyme immobilization, optimizing enzyme concentrations, and developing more efficient electrode designs. Scalability and industrial viability: For EBCs to become commercially viable, it is essential to focus on scalability and cost-effectiveness. The use of commercially available polymers and simple immobilization techniques can enhance the economic feasibility of EBCs, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. Integration with wearable and medical devices: The potential applications of EBCs in powering wearable devices and in vivo diagnostic tools are particularly exciting. The mild operating conditions and biodegradability of enzymes make EBCs ideal candidates for such applications. Future research should focus on integrating EBCs with these devices to harness their full potential. Environmental impact and sustainability: As the world moves towards more sustainable energy solutions, EBCs offer a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fuel cells. Continued efforts to optimize their performance and reduce their environmental footprint will be crucial in promoting their adoption. Acknowledgments We appreciate Professor Julie Luo and Dr. J. Fang for their constructive feedback during the writing process, which was essential for improving and refining our thesis. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abreu C., Nedellec Y., Gross A., Ondel O., Buret F., Goff A., Holzinger M., and Cosnier S., 2017, Assembly and stacking of flow-through enzymatic bioelectrodes for high power glucose fuel cells, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(28): 23836-23842. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b06717 Barelli L., Bidini G., Calzoni E., Cesaretti A., Michele A., Emiliani C., Gammaitoni L., and Sisani E., 2019, Enzymatic fuel cell technology for energy production from bio-sources, AIP Conf. Proc., 2191(1): 020014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138747 Barelli L., Bidini G., Pelosi D., and Sisani E., 2021, Enzymatic biofuel cells: a review on flow designs, Energies, 14(4): 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN14040910 Barton S., Gallaway J., and Atanassov P., 2004, Enzymatic biofuel cells for implantable and microscale devices, Chemical Reviews, 104(10): 4867-4886. https://doi.org/10.1021/CR020719K Bernal C., Rodríguez K., and Martínez R., 2018, Integrating enzyme immobilization and protein engineering: an alternative path for the development of novel and improved industrial biocatalysts, Biotechnology Advances, 36(5): 1470-1480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.002 Bilal M., Iqbal H., Guo S., Hu H., Wang W., and Zhang X., 2017, State-of-the-art protein engineering approaches using biological macromolecules: A review from immobilization to implementation view point, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 108: 893-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.182 Bollella P., Gorton L., and Antiochia R., 2018, Direct electron transfer of dehydrogenases for development of 3rd generation biosensors and enzymatic fuel cells, Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 18(5): 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051319 Christwardana M., Chung Y., and Kwon Y., 2017, A new biocatalyst employing pyrenecarboxaldehyde as an anodic catalyst for enhancing the performance and stability of an enzymatic biofuel cell, Npg Asia Materials, 9(6): e386. https://doi.org/10.1038/AM.2017.75 Christwardana M., Kim D., Chung Y., and Kwon Y., 2018, A hybrid biocatalyst consisting of silver nanoparticle and naphthalenethiol self-assembled monolayer prepared for anchoring glucose oxidase and its use for an enzymatic biofuel cell, Applied Surface Science, 429: 180-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APSUSC.2017.07.023 Chung Y., Ahn Y., Christwardana M., Kim H., and Kwon Y., 2016, Development of a glucose oxidase-based biocatalyst adopting both physical entrapment and crosslinking, and its use in biofuel cells, Nanoscale, 8(17): 9201-9210. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr00902f
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==