Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 267-276 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 267 Research Insight Open Access Potential and Metabolic Pathway Analysis of Marine Microorganism Fermentation in Bioethanol Production MayH.Wang Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: mayh.wang@hitar.org Journal of Energy Bioscience, 2024, Vol.15, No.4 doi: 10.5376/jeb.2024.15.0025 Received: 02 Jul., 2024 Accepted: 06 Aug., 2024 Published: 18 Aug., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wang M.H., 2024, Potential and metabolic pathway analysis of marine microorganism fermentation in bioethanol production, Journal of Energy Bioscience, 15(4): 267-276 (doi: 10.5376/jeb.2024.15.0025) Abstract The study found that marine yeasts, such as Wickerhamomyces anomalus M15, exhibit high tolerance to salt and inhibitors, making them suitable for seawater fermentation. Additionally, the use of macroalgae and microalgae, such as Ulva fasciata and Chlorella vulgaris, demonstrated significant potential for bioethanol production, with chemical hydrolysis being the most effective pretreatment method. The integration of advanced techniques like artificial neural networks with genetic algorithms (ANN-GA) further optimized the fermentation parameters, enhancing bioethanol yield. Moreover, the study highlighted the importance of specific microbial strains, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in efficiently converting carbohydrates to ethanol. The findings suggest that marine microorganisms and biomass hold substantial promise for sustainable bioethanol production. The high tolerance of marine yeasts to saline conditions and the effective use of macroalgae and microalgae as feedstocks can lead to greener and more efficient bioethanol production processes. The optimization of fermentation parameters through advanced modeling techniques can further enhance ethanol yields, making marine-based bioethanol production a viable alternative to traditional methods. Keywords Marine microorganisms; Bioethanol production; Fermentation; Metabolic pathways; Marine biomass; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Wickerhamomyces anomalus; Algae hydrolysis; ANN-GA modeling 1 Introduction Bioethanol, a form of ethanol produced from biomass, has emerged as a promising renewable energy source in response to the growing concerns over climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels. Unlike traditional fossil fuels, bioethanol is derived from biological materials such as sugar, starch, and lignocellulosic biomass, making it a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option. The production of bioethanol from renewable sources not only helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also provides a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuels, thereby addressing the energy needs of the future (Robak and Balcerek, 2018; Dave et al., 2019). Marine microorganisms, including microalgae and macroalgae, present a unique and largely untapped potential for bioethanol production. These organisms are capable of accumulating high levels of carbohydrates, which can be converted into fermentable sugars for ethanol production. Unlike terrestrial biomass, marine biomass does not compete with food crops for land and water resources, making it a more sustainable option (Harun and Danquah, 2011; John et al., 2011; Osman et al., 2023). Certain species of marine algae can produce ethanol directly through dark-anaerobic fermentation, while others can be metabolically engineered to enhance ethanol yield (Takeda et al., 2011; Dave et al., 2021). The high growth rates and abundance of marine biomass in coastal regions further underscore its potential as a renewable feedstock for bioethanol production (Borines et al., 2013; Osman et al., 2023). The primary objectives of this study are to explore the potential of marine microorganisms in bioethanol production and to analyze their metabolic pathways. This includes identifying and evaluating various marine microorganisms that can be used for bioethanol production, investigating the metabolic pathways involved in the fermentation process of these microorganisms, assessing the efficiency and feasibility of using marine biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production, and exploring the potential for co-fermentation of different marine biomass
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