Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 233-242 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 240 8 Concluding Remarks This study has explored the potential of advanced electrode materials to significantly enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Key findings indicate that the use of novel materials such as 2D nanomaterials, carbon-based compounds, and metal-organic frameworks can dramatically improve the power output and efficiency of MFCs. These materials enhance the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, facilitate better electron transfer, and improve the adhesion and activity of electrogenic bacteria. Additionally, modifications to the anode, such as the incorporation of carbon nanotubes and cobalt phosphate, have shown promising results in increasing power densities and overall MFC performance. Advanced electrode materials play a crucial role in the development and optimization of MFC technology. These materials address several of the key limitations currently hindering the practical application of MFCs, such as low power output, high operational costs, and scalability issues. By improving the electrical conductivity, surface area, and biocompatibility of the electrodes, advanced materials enhance the efficiency of electron transfer processes and support the growth and activity of electroactive bacteria. This not only boosts the power generation capabilities of MFCs but also extends their operational lifespan and reduces maintenance costs, making them more viable for large-scale applications. The advancements in electrode materials for MFCs have significant implications for sustainable energy production. By harnessing the metabolic processes of microorganisms to generate electricity, MFCs offer a renewable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuel-based energy sources. The improved performance of MFCs through advanced electrode materials can lead to more efficient and cost-effective energy production, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the mitigation of climate change. Furthermore, the ability of MFCs to treat wastewater while generating electricity adds an additional layer of environmental benefit, making them a versatile technology for sustainable development. Continued research and development in this field are essential to fully realize the potential of MFCs as a cornerstone of future renewable energy systems. Acknowledgments We appreciate the feedback from two anonymous peer reviewers on the manuscript of this study, whose careful evaluation and constructive suggestions have contributed to the improvement of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abd-Elrahman N., Al-Harbi N., Basfer N., Al-Hadeethi Y., Umar A., and Akbar S., 2022, Applications of nanomaterials in microbial fuel cells: a review, Molecules, 27(21): 7483. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217483 Banerjee A., Calay R., and Mustafa M., 2022, Review on material and design of anode for microbial fuel cell, Energies, 15(6): 2283. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062283 Cai T., Meng L., Chen G., Xi Y., Jiang N., Song J., Zheng S., Liu Y., Zhen G., and Huang M., 2020, Application of advanced anodes in microbial fuel cells for power generation: a review, Chemosphere, 248: 125985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125985 Cao Y., Mu H., Liu W., Zhang R., Guo J., Xian M., and Liu H., 2019, Electricigens in the anode of microbial fuel cells: pure cultures versus mixed communities, Microbial Cell Factories, 18: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-019-1087-z Chen H., Yu Y., Yu Y., Ye J., Zhang S., and Chen J., 2021a, Exogenous electron transfer mediator enhancing gaseous toluene degradation in a microbial fuel cell: performance and electron transfer mechanism, Chemosphere, 282: 131028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131028 Chen J., Yang J., Jiang L., Wang X., Yang D., Wei Q., Wang Y., Wang R., Liu Y., and Yang Y., 2021b, Improved electrochemical performances by Ni-catecholate-based metal organic framework grown on NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide/multi-wall carbon nanotubes as cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells, Bioresource Technology, 337: 125430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125430
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