Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 197-207 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 199 process is highly efficient for producing energy-dense gases that can be used for power generation or as chemical feedstocks (Figure 2) (Labaki and Jeguirim, 2017; Ong et al., 2020; Jha et al., 2022). Gasification operates at higher temperatures than pyrolysis and can handle a variety of feedstocks, including forestry waste (Vega et al., 2019). The figure illustrates a process for converting biomass into syngas using Hydrothermal Gasification (HTG) technology. HTG employs subcritical or supercritical water as the reaction medium to produce syngas. Traditional methods for converting wet biomass, such as pyrolysis, liquefaction, and gasification, are usually inefficient because the heat required to evaporate water often exceeds the biomass's combustion heat. In contrast, the products of HTG technology have multiple applications, including chemical synthesis, power generation, and fuel cells related to hydrogen production. Combustion is the process of burning biomass in the presence of excess oxygen to produce heat, which can be used directly for heating or to generate electricity. This process is the most straightforward thermochemical conversion method and is widely used due to its simplicity and efficiency in energy recovery (Labaki and Jeguirim, 2017; Jha et al., 2022). Combustion of biomass results in the complete oxidation of the material, producing carbon dioxide, water, and ash (Vega et al., 2019). Figure 1 Typical process representation of pyrolysis of biomass (Adopted from Jha et al., 2022) Figure 2 Typical process representation of gasification of biomass (Adopted from Jha et al., 2022)
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