Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 171-185 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 176 Figure 1 Growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii transgenic lines using phosphite as a phosphorus source (Adop[ted from Loera-Quezada et al., 2016) Note: Growth of positive PTXD transgenic lines of C. reinhardtii (CrB-1, CrP-6, CrP-13, CrX-3, CrX-9) in Tris-Acetate (TA) media that either did not contain phosphorus (-P) or was supplemented with 0.1 mm phosphate (Pi), or phosphite (Phi) as a P source. P-starved (a,c) and P-replete (b) cells were used as the inoculum for the experiments in which the optical density (OD) at 680 nm was measured every day for 6 days. Cultures were performed using a photobioreactor (Multi-Cultivator MC 1000) at a light intensity of 250 μmol photons/m2/s, 28 ℃ and bubbled with air. The wild-type C. reinhardtii CC-125 (CrWT) strain was used as a control (Adopted from Loera-Quezada et al., 2016) 6 Case Study: Commercial Application of Nannochloropsis for Biodiesel Production 6.1 Overview of nannochloropsis species characteristics Nannochloropsis is a genus of marine microalgae known for its high lipid content and robust growth characteristics, making it a promising candidate for biodiesel production. Nannochloropsis species, such as N. gaditana, N. oculata, and N. salina, are particularly valued for their ability to accumulate large amounts of neutral lipids, which are ideal for biodiesel conversion. These microalgae thrive in various environmental conditions, demonstrating resilience to varying temperatures, salinity, and light intensities (Qunju et al., 2016). They also produce valuable co-products like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which can be used in nutraceuticals (He et al., 2019). 6.2 Cultivation strategies employed in commercial settings In commercial settings, Nannochloropsis is cultivated using both open pond systems and closed photobioreactors. Open raceway ponds are cost-effective and suitable for large-scale biomass production. These systems typically involve shallow ponds with paddle wheels to circulate the culture and ensure even light distribution and nutrient availability. For instance, in a study conducted in Egypt, Nannochloropsis sp. was successfully grown in 200-L raceway ponds, achieving significant biomass productivity (Mohammady et al., 2020). Closed photobioreactors, on the other hand, offer better control over environmental parameters and reduce the risk of contamination. These systems can be optimized for higher productivity by controlling factors such as light
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