Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 160-170 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 166 The optimization-assessment approach for bioenergy production in northeast China can be applied to similar agriculture-centered regions to manage bioenergy production sustainably, considering the complexities due to uncertainties (Li et al., 2020). Additionally, the energy budgeting and optimization techniques used in the rice-wheat-green gram cropping system can be adapted to other cropping systems to enhance energy efficiency and conservation (Bhunia et al., 2021). These models demonstrate that tailored optimization strategies, considering regional and system-specific factors, are crucial for achieving sustainable agricultural development. By examining these successful implementations, comparative analyses, and lessons learned, we can develop and replicate effective optimization strategies to balance agricultural energy inputs and outputs, contributing to sustainable development in diverse agricultural contexts. Figure 3 Regional Changes in Total Outputs by Province under Different Scenarios (Adapted frrom Wang et al., 2020) Note: (a) Employment-dominated scenario: Most regions show an increase in total output, except for constant output in Shaanxi and decreased outputs in Beijing, Tianjin, and coastal provinces; (b) Energy-consumption-dominated scenario: Provinces in central regions (Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi) increase production levels, while Liaoning, Tianjin, and Henan decrease production levels; (c) Carbon-emissions-dominated scenario: Only Hubei and Hunan benefit, with decreased outputs in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hunan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, and Hainan; (d) Chinese regional map: Provinces are marked for reference (Adapted frrom Wang et al., 2020) 6 Policy and Regulatory Framework 6.1 Current policies impacting agricultural energy balance Current policies significantly influence the energy balance in agriculture, with a focus on reducing fossil fuel dependency and promoting sustainable practices. For instance, the European Union has enforced regulations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and promote renewable energy sources, which has led to a transformation in energy balances across European countries and Turkey (Jonek-Kowalska, 2019). Similarly, China's 13th Five Year Plan (2016-2020) includes policies aimed at balancing energy consumption, water use, and emissions through industrial restructuring (Wang et al., 2020). These policies are crucial in guiding agricultural practices towards sustainability by encouraging the use of renewable energy and optimizing resource use.
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