Journal of Energy Bioscience 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 160-170 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/jeb 163 Figure 1 Share of energy saving from various sources for sustainable wheat production (Adopted from Ilahi et al., 2019) 4.1.2 Remote sensing and drones Remote sensing and drones are essential components of precision agriculture, offering real-time data collection and analysis. These technologies facilitate crop health monitoring, early disease detection, and efficient water and nutrient management. The use of drones for crop mapping and monitoring can lead to better decision-making and optimized input application, ultimately enhancing crop yields and reducing resource wastage (Ahmad and Dar, 2020; Onyango et al., 2021; Abbas et al., 2022). 4.2 Sustainable farming practices 4.2.1 Crop rotation and diversification Crop rotation and diversification are fundamental sustainable farming practices that help maintain soil health and reduce pest and disease pressures. By alternating different crops, farmers can break pest cycles, improve soil fertility, and enhance biodiversity. These practices contribute to a more resilient agricultural system and can lead to higher energy efficiency and productivity (Shah and Wu, 2019; Montemurro et al., 2020). 4.2.2 Organic farming Organic farming emphasizes the use of natural inputs and ecological processes to maintain soil health and reduce environmental impact. This approach avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, promoting biodiversity and soil fertility. Studies have shown that organic farming can enhance energy efficiency and sustainability by reducing the reliance on non-renewable energy sources and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions (Smith et al., 2022).
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