Genomics and Applied Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 37-50 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 46 7.3 Correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties and microbial data Integrating soil physicochemical measurements with microbial community data is critical for elucidating the drivers of microbial diversity and function. Statistical techniques such as redundancy analysis (RDA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), Spearman correlation, and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) are commonly used to link variables like pH, organic matter content, moisture, nutrient levels, and texture with shifts in bacterial and fungal communities (He et al., 2023; Yang et al., 2024). These analyses demonstrate that soil pH often emerges as a primary factor shaping microbial composition, followed by texture components such as sand or clay fractions that influence habitat structure. Studies show that changes in enzyme activities and nutrient availability induced by organic fertilizers correlate with alterations in specific microbial taxa involved in carbon degradation, nitrogen cycling, and phosphorus solubilization (Chen et al., 2021; Lv et al., 2024). Such correlations help clarify how management practices affect both abiotic conditions and biotic responses in greenhouse tomato soils. Understanding these relationships supports targeted interventions to optimize soil health and crop productivity through informed fertilizer application strategies. 8 Conclusions and Future Research Prospects Organic fertilizer application in greenhouse tomato cultivation consistently enhances soil microbial diversity, abundance, and functional potential compared to chemical fertilization alone. Studies show that bio-organic fertilizers increase the relative abundance of beneficial microbial taxa such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are closely linked to nutrient cycling and plant growth promotion. These microbial shifts are accompanied by improvements in soil properties including organic matter content, total nitrogen, and enzyme activities like urease and catalase, which collectively support healthier soil ecosystems. Enhanced microbial network complexity and interspecies interactions under organic amendments further contribute to soil resilience and nutrient availability. These microbiome changes translate into agronomic benefits such as increased photosynthetic efficiency, higher tomato yields, and improved fruit quality parameters including soluble sugars and vitamin C content. Organic fertilizers also reduce nitrate accumulation in fruits, addressing food safety concerns. However, the magnitude of these benefits depends on the type and application rate of organic fertilizer; moderate substitution rates (around 25%-50%) often optimize both microbial function and crop productivity. Overall, integrating organic fertilizers into greenhouse tomato systems promotes sustainable intensification by simultaneously enhancing soil health, microbial ecology, and crop performance. Despite advances in understanding organic fertilizer impacts on soil microbiomes, several limitations constrain current knowledge. Many studies focus on short-term experiments or single growing seasons, limiting insights into long-term sustainability and cumulative effects on soil microbial communities. Additionally, variability in organic fertilizer types, compositions, and application rates complicates direct comparisons across studies. The complex interactions between soil physicochemical properties, microbial taxa, and plant responses remain incompletely resolved due to limited multi-omics integration and mechanistic investigations. Another challenge lies in translating microbial community shifts into functional outcomes relevant for disease suppression or nutrient use efficiency. For example, while some research links organic amendments to reduced pathogen incidence through enhanced fungal diversity or key taxa enrichment, causal relationships require further validation. Moreover, environmental factors such as irrigation regimes or soil acidification can modulate fertilizer effects but are often underexplored in greenhouse contexts. Addressing these gaps demands standardized methodologies, longer-term field trials, and interdisciplinary approaches combining microbiology with agronomy. Future research should prioritize optimizing integrated fertilization strategies that balance chemical inputs with tailored organic amendments to maximize microbial benefits while maintaining yield stability. Precision application guided by high-throughput sequencing data combined with soil physicochemical monitoring can enable site-specific management adapting to dynamic greenhouse conditions. Developing bio-organic fertilizers enriched with beneficial microbes like Trichoderma offers promising avenues for enhancing nutrient cycling and disease resistance synergistically with reduced chemical fertilizer use. Long-term studies assessing cumulative
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