Genomics and Applied Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 37-50 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 38 phyla such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes dominate healthy greenhouse soils under organic fertilization regimes. These microbes contribute to improved nitrogen availability, increased enzyme activities (e.g., urease, catalase), and greater resilience against pathogens. Studies show that soils managed with organic amendments harbor more complex microbial networks that foster plant growth compared to conventional chemical fertilization systems. Therefore, understanding how organic fertilizer application influences microbial community structure is essential for developing sustainable greenhouse tomato cultivation practices (Usero et al., 2021; Usero et al., 2023). 2 Characteristics of Soil Ecosystems in Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation 2.1 Changes in soil physicochemical properties under greenhouse cultivation Greenhouse tomato cultivation often leads to significant alterations in soil physicochemical properties due to intensive management practices such as frequent irrigation and heavy fertilizer application. These changes typically include increased soil nutrient contents, especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and organic carbon (C), which initially improve soil fertility but may later contribute to nutrient imbalances and soil acidification. For example, studies have shown that total nitrogen and organic carbon levels tend to rise during the early years of greenhouse cultivation but can decline or stabilize after prolonged monoculture, reflecting a dynamic shift in soil nutrient status over time (Dang et al., 2022; Li et al., 2025). Additionally, soil pH often decreases under continuous greenhouse cropping, which can negatively affect nutrient availability and microbial activity (Figure 1) (Hao et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2022). Such physicochemical shifts are critical because they influence the overall soil environment and its capacity to support healthy crop growth. The accumulation of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus is closely linked with changes in enzyme activities that regulate nutrient cycling in the soil. Enzymes such as urease, phosphatase, and catalase are sensitive indicators of soil biochemical functioning and are often affected by long-term greenhouse cultivation. Research indicates that enzyme activities may initially increase with moderate continuous cropping but tend to decline after extended periods, signaling deteriorating soil health (Fu et al., 2017; Lyu et al., 2025). Moreover, excessive fertilization can alter microbial metabolic patterns by shifting community-level physiological profiles, which further impacts nutrient transformations and availability (Hao et al., 2019). These physicochemical property changes underscore the need for balanced fertilization strategies to maintain sustainable soil fertility in greenhouse tomato systems. Figure 1 Graph of the whole film of double ridge furrow planting technology (Adopted from Hao et al., 2019)
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==