Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 245-254 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 249 environments were associated with changes in beak size and physiological functions such as haematopoiesis and metabolism, which are essential for coping with low temperatures and hypoxia (Lu et al., 2023). These examples illustrate how genetic adaptations can drive behavioral and physiological changes that improve the fitness of organisms in their respective habitats. 5 Evolutionary Genomics of Earwigs 5.1 Phylogenetic analysis of earwigs and related species The phylogenetic position and inner relationships of Dermaptera, commonly known as earwigs, have been a subject of extensive research. Recent studies have provided significant insights into the phylogenetic relationships within this order. For instance, the first mitochondrial genomes of the family Haplodiplatyidae revealed intraspecific variation and extensive gene rearrangement events, which are crucial for understanding the molecular diversity and mitogenomic evolution of earwigs (Liu et al., 2022). Comparative mitogenomic analysis of two earwig species, Apachyus feae and Diplatys flavicollis, highlighted variable mitogenomic structures and extensive gene rearrangements, further contributing to the phylogenetic understanding of Dermaptera (Figure 2) (Chen, 2022). Figure 2 Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of PCGs in six species of earwigs (Adopted from Chen, 2022)
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