Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 162-171 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 166 Figure 2 The schematic of data and resource driven strategy for microalgal bioengineering (Adopted from Kumar et al., 2020) Image caption: (A) Resource generation and enrichment: The high-throughput technologies, intense computation and bioinformatic analysis, and the extensive research interest on microalgae can generate high-quality curated data. The genomic and transcriptomic data of model organisms provides a basic understanding of the biosynthetic pathway. This imperative information is aided by proteomics and metabolomics that offers functional insights for bioproduct discovery in microalgae. Also, the metabolomic data can be implemented to novel microbial isolates with limited genomic and transcriptomic information. (B) Strain development and resource refinement: The leads from metabolic models and the use of state-of-the-art technologies, such as genome-editing and high-throughput variant selection can be used for microalgae strain development. Often the metabolic flux shifts of the mutants implies an organism's evolution to optimize flux rearrangement. The objective of the flux balance shift can be biomass production or enhanced production of desired product. Moreover, the information obtained from fine-tuned modeling and genomic-editing experiments create resource avenues for further discoveries (Adopted from Kumar et al., 2020) 5.2 Genetic modification techniques Genetic modification techniques have revolutionized the breeding of microalgae by enabling precise alterations to their genomes. These techniques include the use of RNA interference (RNAi), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas9 systems. These tools allow for the targeted modification of genes to enhance the production of desired metabolites, improve stress resistance, and optimize growth conditions (Ng et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2019; Fayyaz et al., 2020). Genetic modification has shown promise in increasing biomass yield, carbon dioxide uptake, and the accumulation of high-value compounds (Fayyaz et al., 2020). 5.3 CRISPR-Cas9 and other gene editing tools The CRISPR-Cas9 system has emerged as the most important genome editing tool due to its high efficiency and precision. This system allows for the targeted knock-in and knock-out of genes, as well as the modification of gene expression through CRISPR interference. The application of CRISPR-Cas9 in microalgae has been
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==