Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 142-152 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 149 efficiency by selecting desired traits at an early stage. Moreover, the construction of high-density genetic maps and the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with growth traits offer valuable insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying these traits, promoting marker-assisted selection and genetic improvement. The integration of transcriptome analysis further identifies differentially expressed genes and potential sex-related genes, offering deeper insights into the genetic regulation of sexual dimorphism and other important traits. Overall, functional genomics provides a comprehensive toolkit for accelerating the breeding of high-quality Eucommia ulmoides varieties, enhancing their potential in medicinal, economic, and ecological value. Figure 3 CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology (to make appropriate modifications from Arora and Narula, 2017) Image caption: A. The double-strand break (DSB) is repaired by a non-homologous end join (NHEJ) repair mechanism, introducing insertion or deletion (indels) mutations[Knockcut]. B. The Homology-direct repair (HDR) mechanism is used to Repair of double-strand break (DSB) and introduce specific mutations or foreign sequences on target genes [Knockin] (to make appropriate modifications from Arora and Narula, 2017) Moving forward, several key priorities should be addressed to fully harness the potential of functional genomics in E. ulmoides breeding: Enhanced Genomic Resources: Continued efforts to improve the quality and completeness of genomic assemblies, including the integration of additional omics data such as proteomics and metabolomics, will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture of E. ulmoides. Functional Characterization of Key Genes: Functional validation of candidate genes identified through QTL mapping and transcriptome analyses is crucial. Techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing can be employed to elucidate the roles of these genes in trait expression and regulation. Development of Molecular Markers: The identification and validation of additional molecular markers, including SNPs and SSRs, will enhance the precision and efficiency of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. Breeding for Specific Traits: Focused breeding efforts should target specific traits of economic and ecological importance, such as rubber biosynthesis, growth traits, and stress resistance. The integration of functional genomics with traditional breeding methods can accelerate the development of high-yielding and resilient E. ulmoidesvarieties. Conservation and Genetic Diversity: Ensuring the conservation of genetic diversity within E. ulmoides populations is essential for sustainable breeding. Studies on genetic diversity and population structure should inform breeding strategies to maintain a broad genetic base.
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