Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 142-152 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 144 mainly in the trans-polyisoprene-containing leaves and central peels of the plant (Li et al., 2020) (Figure 1). Such insights are invaluable for breeding programs aimed at enhancing latex yield and quality, demonstrating the practical applications of functional genomics in improving economically important traits (Li et al., 2020; Du et al., 2023). Figure 1 The E. ulmoides rubber biosynthesis pathway and expression profiles of genes involved in the pathway (Adopted from Li et al., 2020) Image caption: The expression level is presented by log2-transformed fragments mapped per kilobase of transcript length per million total mapped reads (log2-FPKM). ACAT acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) C-acetyltransferase; HMGS hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; HMGR hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase; MVK mevalonate kinase; PMK 5-phosphomevalonate kinase; MPD mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase; DXS 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; DXR 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; MCT 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; CMK 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase; MDS 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; HDS 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthase; HDR 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase; IDI isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; GPS geranyl diphosphate synthase; FPS farnesyl diphosphate synthase; GGPS, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; SRPP small rubber particle protein; Acetyl-CoA acetyl coenzyme-A; Acetoacetyl-CoA, 3-acetoacetyl-CoA; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; MVA mevalonate; MVA-5P mevalonate-5-phosphate; MVA-5PP mevalonate-5-diphosphate; GA-3-P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; DXP, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate; MEP 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate; CME 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; PCME 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; CMEC 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate; HMED 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate; IPP isopentenyl diphosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; GPP geranyl diphosphate; FPP farnesyl diphosphate; GGPP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate. LF leaf; CP central peel; PE peel edge; XM xylem; SD seed (Adopted from Li et al., 2020)
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