Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 142-152 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 143 evolution, providing direction for targeted genetic engineering (Li et al., 2020). Additionally, the identification of sex-related molecular markers through technologies like ddRAD-seq can facilitate early and accurate sex determination, simplifying the breeding process (Wang et al., 2020). This study aims to integrate functional genomics with traditional breeding methods to overcome the existing challenges in E. ulmoides cultivation. By leveraging high-quality genomic data and advanced molecular techniques, we seek to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of breeding programs. The specific objectives of this study include elucidating the genetic basis of key traits such as rubber biosynthesis and sex determination, developing reliable molecular markers for early sex identification, and applying genomic insights to improve the industrial and medicinal value of E. ulmoides through targeted breeding and genetic engineering strategies. By addressing these objectives, this study will contribute to the sustainable cultivation and commercial exploitation of E. ulmoides, ensuring its continued significance in both traditional medicine and industry. 2 Functional Genomics: A Tool for Breeding 2.1 Definition and key components of functional genomics Functional genomics is an interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the complex relationships between genetic information and phenotypic traits. It involves the study of gene expression, protein function, and regulatory networks to elucidate the roles of genes and their interactions within an organism. Key components include: Gene Expression: Investigating how genes are transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins, and how these processes are regulated. Protein Function: Understanding the roles of proteins encoded by genes, including their interactions and pathways. Regulatory Networks: Mapping the interactions between genes, proteins, and other molecules to understand the regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression and function (Ge et al., 2003; Kumar et al., 2020). 2.2 Role of functional genomics in understanding key traits Functional genomics plays a crucial role in understanding key traits in Eucommia ulmoides, such as latex production and stress resistance. By analyzing gene expression and protein function, researchers can identify the genetic basis of these traits and how they are regulated. For instance, the identification of candidate genes related to energy storage, signal transmission, hormones, and metabolic pathways can provide insights into growth traits and other important characteristics (Jin et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2022). Additionally, understanding the regulatory networks involved in stress responses can help in developing more resilient varieties (Varshney et al., 2005; Weckwerth et al., 2020). 2.3 Advances in genomic sequencing technologies applied to E. ulmoides In recent years, breakthroughs in genome sequencing technology have significantly enhanced our ability to study Eucommia ulmoides at the molecular level. High-quality genome assemblies have been achieved using technologies such as PacBio and Hi-C, providing detailed insights into the genetic makeup of this species. These advancements have made it possible to construct high-density genetic maps and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with important traits (Li et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2022; Du et al., 2023). The availability of comprehensive genomic data has facilitated the application of functional genomics in breeding programs, making the selection of desirable traits more precise and efficient (Poland, 2015; Kumar et al., 2020). 2.4 Case study: genomic studies on latex production inE. ulmoides A notable case study in the application of functional genomics to E. ulmoides is the investigation of latex production. Researchers have utilized high-quality genome assemblies to identify the pathways involved in rubber biosynthesis. It was found that E. ulmoides relies predominantly on the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenyl diphosphate synthesis, which is crucial for rubber production. This pathway operates
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==